A retardation analyzer is a device that measures energy spread. It can be used to analyze electrons emitted by semiconductors or to improve the energy resolution of other systems.
How it works
The analyzer measures the energy spread of particles
The measured energy spread can be artificially high due to nonzero transverse momentum
The energy resolution can be improved by adding a cylindrical focusing electrode
Applications
Semiconductor analysis
Retardation analyzers can be used to analyze electrons emitted by semiconductors
Energy resolution improvement
Retardation analyzers can be used to improve the energy resolution of other systems
Additional details
The measured energy spread in a standard retardation analyzer can be artificially high
The energy resolution can be improved by several orders of magnitude by adding a cylindrical focusing electrode
The analyzer can be used as a compensator
The use of analyzer as a compensator is known as Tardy’s method of compensation
