TIMELINE Some historical events chosen (more or less) at random<\/p>\n
DATE EVENT<\/p>\n
217 Year of oldest Pueblo roofbeam that can be dated
\n 400 Heyday of Moundbuilders in Mississippi valley
\n 725 Casa Grande, an Indian fort and large irrigation works built – Arizona
\n 850 Norsemen defeat Irishmen, eject them from Iceland
\n 985 Eric the Red colonizes Greenland
\n1000 Leif, Eric’s son, builds dwelling on NE coast of Newfoundland
\n1000 Tiahuanaco civilization in Peru, widespread planting of potatoes, corn
\n1056 Beginning of the democratic Pataria movement in Milan
\n1100 Mayan civilization reaches it’s heighth in Central America
\n1215 King John seals Magna Carta at Runnymede. But not made law until 1297
\n1225 Magna Carta reissued for third time in definitive form
\n1254 Birth of Marco Polo, explorer who will bring pasta to Italy from China
\n1297 Magna Carta confirmed by Edward I, enters English statute rolls as law
\n1325 Toltec empire defeated by Aztecs in Mexico
\n1327 Aztecs establish Mexico City
\n1332 Parliament divides into two houses
\n1347 Bubonic plague in Europe; originated in India, 1332. 75 million deaths
\n1364 Aztecs build their capital at Tenochtitlan, Mexico
\n1438 Inca rule begins in Peru
\n1441 Portugese sailors enter slave trade with African Negroes at Cape Blanc
\n1450 The League of Nations established at Onondaga, NY. 1st true democracy
\n1451 Birth year of both Cristoforo Columbo and Amerigo Vespucci
\n1492 Columbus departs Palos, Spain, in Santa Maria. Hopes to find Indies
\n1494 Spain and Portugal divide New World in Treaty of Tordesillas
\n1497 John Cabot makes landfall in Newfoundland, claims it for England
\n1498 Cabots explore as far south as Hatteras
\n1499 Ojeda explores Venezuelan coastline
\n1500 Fernandes explores Labrador
\n1500 Pedro Alvarez Cabral claims Brazil for Portugal
\n1501 Gaspar Corte-Real kidnaps 57 Indians in Newfoundland
\n1501 Rodrigo de Bastidas explores Central American coast & Caribbean
\n1507 Lands of the New World named for Amerigo Vespucci by Waldseemuller
\n1510 Spain begins settlements in Jamaica. Two years later in Cuba
\n1513 Vasco Nunez de Balboa names large body of water as “Pacific”
\n1513 Juan Ponce de Leon lands in Florida
\n1519 Hernando Cortes begins assault on Mexico, defeats the Aztecs
\n1519 Cortes brings Arabian horses to America from Spain
\n1519 Domenico de Pineda explores Gulf of Mexico from Florida to Vera Cruz
\n1520 Magellan navigates through the straits from Atlantic to Pacific
\n1521 Guam, where America’s day begins, explored by Magellan
\n1524 Giovanni da Verrazano explores Hudson River and New York harbor waters
\n1526 Spanish attempt colonization of Cape Fear; it lasts only a few months
\n1528 Panfilo de Narvaez invades Florida from Cuba, wars with Indians
\n1531 Spain invades Peru
\n1534 Jacques Cartier explores coast of Labrador
\n1535 Jacques Cartier explores St. Lawrence River, trades with Huron Indians
\n1536 Pedro de Mendoza founds Buenos Aries
\n1538 Bogota settled by Quesada
\n1539 First printing press set up in the New World – at Mexico City
\n1540 Coronado begins trek north from Mexico to Zuni territory
\n1540 Coronado’s troops discover the Grand Canyon
\n1541 Hernando de Soto explores Mississipi River valley and Gulf Coast
\n1542 Cabrillo explores in area of San Diego
\n1544 Sebastian Cabot publishes map of the world with remarkable detail
\n1555 First tobacco taken from America to Spain
\n1555 Rio de Janeiro colony established by the French
\n1558 Reign of Elizabeth I begins; ends in 1603
\n1562 French establish trading post in South Carolina, erect monument in FL
\n1562 John Hawkins begins slave trade between Guinea and West Indies
\n1564 French Huguenots try to start colony at Jacksonville; are killed by Spain
\n1565 Spanish found St. Augustine, FL. First European colony in the west
\n1572 Francis Drake attacks Spanish harbors in the Americas
\n1576 Martin Frobisher puts his name on Frobisher’s Bay, Canada
\n1577 Sir Francis Drake begins explorations of west coast
\n1581 Franciscan friars begin missionary work in “New Mexico”
\n1584 Walter Raleigh knighted by Virgin Queen for naming new colony for her
\n1585 English attempt colony at Roanoke Island, NC, but have Indian trouble
\n1587 New colony established at Pamlico Sound. It disappeared within 2 yrs
\n1588 English defeat Spanish armada of King Philip II
\n1590 Galileo describes the law of falling bodies
\n1598 Colonists landed on Sable Island
\n1598 Don Juan de Onate claims all of New Mexico for Spain
\n1601 Colony of Tadoussac founded
\n1602 Cape Cod named by Bartholemew Gosnold, English navigator who found it
\n1604 Trading post established at Port Royal, Nova Scotia
\n1606 First charter granted to the Virginia Company, named after Virgin Queen
\n1607 Captain John Smith first encounters Iroquois in Chesapeake Bay
\n1607 Jamestown founded
\n1608 Champlain founds village of Quebec
\n1609 Champlain makes war against the Iroquois, 1st use of guns on Indians
\n1609 Henry Hudson explores river valley named for him
\n1609 East Anglia Puritans leave England for Leiden, Holland for 10 year stay
\n1609 Dutch establish Fort Orange, now known as Albany, NY
\n1609 Henry Hudson explores east coast for Netherlands
\n1609 Santa Fe, New Mexico settled
\n1609 Kepler describes planetary motions and laws
\n1610 Henry Hudson discovers Hudson’s Bay
\n1610 Thomas West, 3rd Lord de la Warr rescues Jamestown colony from starvation
\n1612 England colonizes Bermuda
\n1612 French explorers discover Lake Huron
\n1613 John Rolfe, husband of Pocahontas, cross-breeds tobacco successfully
\n1614 Captain John Smith explores New England coasts
\n1614 Thomas Hunt kidnaps 24 Indians from Cape Cod area, sells them as slaves
\n1615 French trade with local Indians on Georgian Bay
\n1616 Captain John Smith publishes “A Description of New England”
\n1616 Pocahontas visits England, poses for portrait; dies on homeward voyage
\n1616 White settlers introduce small pox to New England. Many Indians die
\n1619 Black slavery Zntroduced at Jamestown by Dutch traders
\n1619 First legislative assembly in America, in Virginia, July 30
\n1620 Slide rule invented by Oughtred, in England
\n1620 Puritan Pilgrims land at Plymouth Colony, write Mayflower Compact
\n1621 Pilgrims have first contact with Indian, who greets them in English!
\n1623 Champlain’s expedition trades for furs with Indians on Lake Superior
\n1624 Indians barter away Manhattan for about $24.00
\n1624 Virginia becomes a royal colony
\n1628 English Parliament enacts Petition of Right
\n1629 Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions for New Netherland granted
\n1629 Puritans settle Boston area, call themselves The Massachusetts Bay Co.
\n1630 Puritans hang John Billington, a murderer; a first for the colony
\n1630 Boston founded as a town by English Puritans
\n1632 “Oyster War” begins between VA and MD; continues today
\n1634 Jean Nicolet explores Lake Michigan shore and Wisconsin
\n1635 Roger Williams banished from Massachusetts for espousing democracy
\n1636 First college in the colonies, later named after Rev. John Harvard
\n1636 Providence Plantations founded in Rhode Island by Roger Williams
\n1637 Pequot War in Connecticut and Rhode Island
\n1638 Swedish colony, near Wilmington, DE, introduces log-cabin building
\n1639 The Fundamental Orders unite three communities in “Connectecotte”
\n1639 Harvard College sets up first printing press in colonies
\n1640 First English book published in colonies is Bay Psalm Book; Cambridge
\n1641 “Body of Liberties” adopted in Massachusetts; precurses Bill of Rights
\n1642 Pascal invents an adding machine
\n1643 Invention of the barometer
\n1643 New England Confederation founded. These are first 4 colonies to unite
\n1644 First bicameral legislature formed in Massachusetts
\n1645 First ironworks, at Saugus, MA
\n1647 Massachusetts School Law requires schoolmaster in towns of 50 families
\n1648 Iroquois defeat the Hurons, drive them into Canada, north of the Lakes
\n1649 First Assembly in Maryland. Enacts Toleration Act, freeing religion
\n1653 Iroquois defeat the Erie Nation, extend influence into o-he-you. (Ohio)
\n1656 New Netherland Council passes ordinance restricting religion
\n1657 Rhode Island Assembly adopts freedom of religion
\n1657 John Washington jumps ship in Virginia, buys land
\n1661 William Penn deceives Delaware Indians, effectively steals Pennsylvania
\n1664 Dutch give up control of New Amsterdam, it is renamed New York
\n1669 LaSalle explores Ohio River valley
\n1670 Newton gives the world The Calculus
\n1670 Grant from Charles II leads to settlement of Charleston, SC
\n1673 Iroquois drive Mosopelea Indians from Southwestern Ohio
\n1673 Marquette and Jolliet explore northern part of Mississippi valley
\n1675 Indian “King Phillip” begins retaliatory war against white invaders
\n1676 Bacon’s Rebellion wages vigilante war against Indians in Virginia
\n1676 First formally declared Day of Thanksgiving June 29
\n1679 Settlements in what is now New Hampshire proclaimed a royal colony
\n1679 Habeas Corpus Amendment Act in England
\n1680 Pueblo Indians get horses from Spanish; first Plains Indians to do so
\n1681 Province of Pennsylvania chartered
\n1682 LaSalle explores Mississippi River, claims river valley for France
\n1684 Charles II annuls 1629 charter of Massachusetts colony
\n1684 Cotton Mather coins the term “Americans” for colonists
\n1685 Louis XIV cancels Edict of Nantes, thousands flee to the colonies
\n1688 First written protest against slavery, by Mennonites in Germantown, PA
\n1689 English Parliament enacts Bill of Rights, provides religious freedom
\n1690 First newspaper banned in the colonies is Publick Occurences, in Boston
\n1691 Plymouth becomes part of royal colony of Massachusetts
\n1692 Witch hunts in Salem, MA; 19 die
\n1693 William and Mary becomes second college in the colonies
\n1695 Freedom of the press comes to England. Censorship abolished
\n1696 Habeas Corpus Act suspended in England
\n1697 Penn proposes a Plan of Union for the English Colonies in America
\n1699 Woolens Act.
\n1701 French establish new trading post, call it “Ponchartrain” on de Troit
\n1701 Yale becomes the third college in the colonies
\n1703 Benjamin Franklin born in Boston
\n1707 Scotland and England join to become Great Britain
\n1709 First Copyright Act, in Britain
\n1713 Treaty of Utrecht; French Acadians (Cajuns) driven from Nova Scotia to LA
\n1714 Shawnee establish themselves in western Ohio, driven there from MD
\n1715 Tuscarora Indians join League of Five Nations, making it Six Nations
\n1720 Birth of Ottawa Indian war chief Pontiac, near Detroit
\n1721 Dr. Zabdiel Boylston introduces smallpox vaccinations, in Boston
\n1723 Benjamin Franklin leaves Boston for Philadelphia
\n1728 Vitus Bering explores straits which now bear his name
\n1728 First American steel made in Hartford, CT
\n1732 Benjamin Franklin publishes Poor Richard’s Almanac
\n1732 George Washington born in Virginia on February 22; dies in 1799
\n1732 Hat Act forbade manufacture in colonies of hats made with local fur
\n1732 First stagecoach route connects Burlington to Perth Amboy
\n1733 Sugar Act, a revenue enhancement scheme for Britain
\n1733 Georgia becomes 13th colony; founded by James Oglethorpe
\n1734 Hamilton defends Zenger in freedom of the press landmark case
\n1735 John Adams, 2nd President, born October 30; dies July 4, 1826
\n1736 Patrick Henry born May 29
\n1737 John Hancock born January 23
\n1738 The Great Awakening begins, reshaping religious policies everywhere
\n1738 British traders begin working shores of Lake Erie, compete with French
\n1738 Future King George III born. Declaration of Independence mentions him
\n1739 In North Carolina, there is large insurrection by blacks
\n1740 English Parliament allows naturalization of colonists after 7 years
\n1740 Philadelphia is largest city in America. Population 13,000
\n1741 Vitus Bering claims Alaska for his native Russia
\n1743 Thomas Jefferson, 3rd President, born April 13; dies July 4, 1826
\n1743 American Philosophical Society founded by Benjamin Franklin
\n1744 King George’s War begins. France joins war effort against England
\n1746 College of New Jersey, now called Princeton Univ., founded
\n1747 New York State Bar Association is first in this continent
\n1748 “Now I Lay Me Down to Sleep” appears in New England Primer
\n1748 Treaty of Aix-La-Chapelle ends King George’s War
\n1749 England recognizes slavery and plantation system in the south
\n1749 George Washington becomes land surveyor at age 17
\n1750 Cumberland Gap discovered, named by Thomas Walker. Westward ho begins
\n1750 First American coal mine opens in Virginia
\n1750 Iron Act.
\n1751 James Madison, father of our Constitution & 4th President, born. d.1836
\n1751 Liberty Bell ordered from England. 50th anniversary Charter of Privs
\n1752 Benjamin Franklin goes out to “fly a kite”. A shocking experience!
\n1752 First general hospital opens in Philadelphia
\n1753 George Washington explores western Pa; delivers ultimatum to French
\n1754 Benjamin Franklin’s Albany Plan of Union remarks on Iroquoian League
\n1754 French and Indian War begins
\n1754 Major Washington loses battle of Fort Necessity
\n1755 Braddock’s defeat at Pittsburgh; Washington makes Lt Colonel
\n1755 Irish immigrant, Jackson, born at sea, will become 7th President
\n1757 Daniel P. Custis dies, leaves his White House plantation to wife Martha
\n1758 James Monroe, 5th President, born in Virginia; dies in 1831
\n1759 George Washington weds Martha Custis, honeymoons at The White House
\n1760 Final subjugation of Canada by England
\n1760 George III becomes King of England. Colonial population 1.6 million
\n1762 Benjamin Franklin redesigns the harmonica, making it a musical instrument
\n1762 Spain acquires Louisiana from France
\n1763 French and Indian War ends
\n1763 Pontiac begins seige of Detroit, now a British fort
\n1763 Treaty of Paris. England gains Canada and most French land east of MS
\n1763 Vigilantes known as Paxton Boys massacre peaceful Conestoga village
\n1764 Mozart writes his first symphony, at age eight
\n1764 Currency Act.
\n1764 Revenue Act. Taxation without representation introduced in Boston
\n1765 Britain tries to raise funds with The Stamp Act
\n1765 Stamp Act Congress meets in Albany, NY; first inter-colony Congress
\n1765 Quartering Act requires housing British troops in private homes
\n1766 Stamp Act repealed by England in response to Colonial boycotts
\n1766 Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon draw the line at MD & PA border
\n1767 John Quincy Adams, 6th President, born July 11; dies 1848
\n1767 Daniel Boone crosses Appalachians, keeps heading west
\n1767 Townshend Duties pile it on higher and deeper, create Customs Office
\n1768 Colonies circulate letter complaining of taxation; Assemblies dissolved
\n1768 Birth of Tecumseh, near Dayton, OH
\n1768 New York Chamber of Commerce established
\n1769 Pontiac murdered by another Indian, near St. Louis
\n1770 Boston Massacre. Five dead, six wounded on March 5
\n1770 Townshend Acts repealed, except for that on tea
\n1772 Samuel Adams at Boston Town Hall Meeting publishes list of rights
\n1773 To save nearly bankrupt East India Company, Parliament tries a Tea Act
\n1773 Boston Tea Party. 342 chests of tea go into the drink
\n1773 Wm. H. Harrison, 9th President, born Dec 5 in VA, moves to OH; d. 1841
\n1774 Intolerable Acts include the Coercive Acts
\n1774 British close the port of Boston in retaliation for tea party
\n1774 Virginia Conventions begin. Lead to First Continental Congress
\n1774 First Continental Congress convenes, in Philadelphia, Sept 5
\n1774 Declaration and Resolves of First Continental Congress Oct 14
\n1775 Of the 3,500 pysicians in the colonies, only 400 are MD by degree
\n1775 Patrick Henry says “Give me liberty or give me death!”
\n1775 Fights at Lexington and Concord follow “the 18th of April, in ’75”
\n1775 Battle of Breed’s Hill mistakenly named after nearby Bunker Hill
\n1775 Postal system created. Benjamin Franklin is first Director
\n1775 Second Continental Congress, again in Philadelphia
\n1775 Washington accepts promotion to General & Commander In Chief June 16
\n1775 Declaration on Taking Up of Arms, issued July 6
\n1775 Lord Dunmore, Governor of Virginia, declares Martial Law November 7
\n1775 Virginians defeat British at Great Bridge; British bombard Norfolk
\n1776 General Court of Massachusetts fires Governor, requests he leave
\n1776 Common Sense written by Thomas Paine
\n1776 Virginia Declaration of Rights on June 12; written by George Mason
\n1776 Virginia State Constitution adopted June 29, will be model for all states
\n1776 Declaration of Independence drafted by Tom Jefferson, with John Adams
\n1776 Nathan Hale regrets having “but one life to lose”, September 22
\n1776 Christmas present for Washington at Trenton: 918 German prisoners
\n1777 General Gates defeats General Burgoyne at Saratoga, NY
\n1777 Congress adopts the American flag with thirteen stars and stripes
\n1777 Washington’s Continental Army winters at Valley Forge
\n1778 France declares war on England, becomes ally of America
\n1778 Englishman Capt. James Cook explores west coast of North America
\n1779 Capt. Cook explores Hawaii until his murder by natives there
\n1779 British surrender to Americans at Vincennes
\n1779 John Paul Jones, in Bon Homme Richard, defeats Pearson, in Serapis
\n1780 Death of John Logan, Cayuga Indian Chief. Who will mourn for Logan?
\n1780 Benedict Arnold attempts to betray West Point
\n1781 Articles of Confederation go into effect; were drafted in 1777
\n1781 Cornwallis surrenders to Washington and the allies at Yorktown, VA
\n1782 Ninety-six Moravian Christian Indians massacred at Gnaddenhutton, OH
\n1782 First U. S. President born in “The United States” is Van Buren, Dec 5
\n1783 First daily newspaper is Pennsylvania Evening Post
\n1783 Treaty of Paris signed Sept 3. Borders of The United States established
\n1784 Benjamin Franklin invents bifocals
\n1784 Treaty of Ft. Stanwix; Iroquois cede rights north and west of Ohio R.
\n1784 Taylor, 12th President, born; dies 1850
\n1786 Shays’s Rebellion in Massachusetts forcibly closes court systems
\n1786 Annapolis Convention concludes September 14, suggests Phila convention
\n1787 Constitutional Convention opens May 25; concludes business Sept 17
\n1787 Northwest Ordinance adopted July 13 by Continental Congress
\n1787 United States Constitution framed, sent to Congress and states
\n1787 Federalist Papers begin publication in newspapers
\n1788 New Hampshire is 9th state to ratify Constitution. It is now the law
\n1788 First settlement in Ohio is Marietta, named for Marie Antoinette
\n1789 French Revolution. Declaration of Rights August 26th
\n1789 George Washington & John Adams elected as first President & VP
\n1789 The Judiciary Act specifies numbers of federal courts and judges
\n1789 Mutiny on the H.M.S. Bounty; survivors establish Pitcairn Is. colony
\n1790 Tyler, 10th President, born; dies 1862
\n1790 Death of Benjamin Franklin April 17
\n1790 First national census finds 3,929,214 persons eligible to be counted
\n1790 Supreme Court meets for the first time; John Jay is Chief Justice
\n1791 John Carroll of Baltimore made first Roman Catholic Bishop in U.S.A.
\n1791 Federal capital to be established in swamplands on the Potomac
\n1791 First ten Amendments are Bill of Rights that go into effect this year
\n1792 Congress names the Dollar as our unit of currency; proposer: Jefferson
\n1792 New York Stock Exchange organized
\n1792 Political parties formed; Republicans (to be Democrats) & Federalists
\n1793 Cotton gin invented by Eli Whitney
\n1793 General Anthony Wayne begins campaign against Indians in SW Ohio
\n1793 John Hancock dies October 8
\n1793 War between England and France. U.S.A. declares neutrality
\n1794 Battle of Fallen Timbers, near Toledo, OH. General Wayne v. Indians
\n1794 Jay’s Treaty requires withdrawal of British troops from U.S.A.
\n1794 Whiskey Rebellion over excise tax in western Pennsylvania
\n1795 11th Amendment limits some Federal Judicial power somewhat
\n1795 Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain opens navigation on Mississippi River
\n1795 Treaty of Greenville, OH opens up much of Ohio to settlement by whites
\n1795 Washington poses for Stuart’s portrait, which is now on our dollar bill
\n1795 Polk, 11th President, born; dies 1849
\n1796 Washington retires, gives Farewell Address to the nation
\n1796 John Adams President, Tom Jefferson Vice President, 71-68 vote margin
\n1796 Moses Cleaveland reaches mouth of Cuyahoga River on July 22
\n1796 E Pluribus Unum: Out of Many, One; added to American coins
\n1798 Alien and Sedition Acts. Soon to be repealed
\n1798 Department of the Navy established after 4 years of having a Navy
\n1798 Washington comes out of retirement to be Commander In Chief of Army
\n1798 XYZ Affair, so named after three anonymous French trouble makers
\n1799 French Revolution ends. Napolean becomes ruler of France
\n1799 Patrick Henry dies June 6
\n1799 George Washington dies in Mount Vernon December 14, from quinsy
\n1800 House elects President Jefferson after electoral college tie with Burr
\n1800 Spain returns Louisiana to France
\n1800 Congress establishes Library of Congress
\n1800 Fillmore, 13th President, born; dies 1874
\n1801 First stone building in Northwest Territory is Ohio capitol, Chillicothe
\n1801 Tripolitan War begins; ends in 1805
\n1803 Louisiana Purchased for $15 million. Lewis & Clark to begin exploration
\n1803 Ohio enters the Union. Paperwork completed 1953
\n1803 Atomic theory first published
\n1804 Ohio University at Athens is first institute of higher learning in NWT
\n1804 12th Amendment changes Presidential election rules
\n1804 Osceola born in Tallassee village in Alabama; will lead 2nd Seminole War
\n1804 Vice President Aaron Burr kills Alexander Hamilton in duel
\n1804 Pierce, 14th President, born; dies 1869
\n1807 Robert Fulton, in “Clermont”, steams up Hudson River
\n1808 Congress outlaws importing slaves from Africa
\n1808 Andrew Johnson, 17th President, born; dies 1875
\n1809 Abraham Lincoln, 16th President, born in Kentucky February 12; dies 1865
\n1810 Census counts 7,239,881 persons in United States
\n1811 Madison allows 20-year charter of Bank of the United States to lapse
\n1811 Wm. H. Harrison fights Indians at Tippecanoe, near Indianapolis
\n1811 New Madrid, MO earthquake Dec 16, forecast months before by Tecumseh
\n1812 War declared on England June 18, day after England repealed the cause
\n1813 Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry “meets” British in Lake Erie Sept 10
\n1813 Tecumseh defeated in battle near Detroit, in Ontario
\n1814 City of Washington captured and burned by British
\n1814 Francis Scott Key observes battle of Fort McHenry at Baltimore Sept 14
\n1814 Treaty of Ghent ends War of 1812 on December 24
\n1815 Andrew Jackson defeats British at New Orleans Jan 8, after war ends
\n1815 Napolean meets his “Waterloo” on June 18
\n1815 Village of Cleaveland officially incorporated in Ohio
\n1816 Capitol of Ohio moves to Columbus
\n1816 Second Bank of the United States chartered
\n1817 Work begins on Erie Canal
\n1818 Anglo-American Convention fixes 49th parallel as border with Canada
\n1819 SS Savanah makes transatlantic crossing under steam propulsion, a first
\n1819 Florida ceded by Spain to the United States
\n1820 Missouri Compromise forbids slavery above 36 degrees 30 minutes latitude
\n1820 Federalist Party dissolves; without opposition, Jefferson Dems disband
\n1822 Grant, 18th President, born in Ohio; dies 1885
\n1822 Hayes, 19th President, born in Ohio; dies 1893
\n1823 Monroe Doctrine given to Congress December 2
\n1824 House of Representatives elects John Q. Adams president
\n1825 Erie Canal completed
\n1826 Jefferson, then Adams, die on 50th anniversary of Declaration, July 4
\n1827 Ohio Canal opened for business
\n1828 Noah Webster publishes “American Dictionary of English Language”
\n1828 George Worthington Co. founded in village of Cleaveland
\n1828 Baltimore & Ohio railroad, first designed for passengers & freight
\n1829 Arthur, 21st President, born; dies 1886
\n1829 Estate of James Smithson funds Smithsonian Institution
\n1831 Samuel F. Smith writes “My Country, ’tis of Thee”
\n1831 Nat Turner leads slave revolt at Southhampton
\n1831 Garfield, 20th President (and 3rd in a row from Ohio), born; dies 1881
\n1832 Abe Lincoln enlists in Illinois militia to fight Sac and Fox Indians
\n1832 Jackson vetoes rechartering of 2nd Bank, causes birth of Whig Party
\n1832 Jackson supporters counter with rebirth of Jefferson Democratic Party
\n1833 Benjamin Harrison, 23rd President, born; dies 1901
\n1833 City of Cleveland buys its first fire engine for $285
\n1834 Death of Lafayette, Revolutionary War hero on two continents
\n1834 Charles Babbage demonstrates “analytic engine”, a computer
\n1835 U.S.A. becomes debt free (briefly) for only time in history
\n1836 The Alamo. 6000 Mexicans defeat 190 Americans in 12 days on March 6
\n1837 Grover Cleveland, 22nd and 24th President, born; dies 1908
\n1837 Sitting Bull born, dies in 1890
\n1837 Concord Hymn, by Emerson, commemorates battle of Concord NH in 1775
\n1837 Rush-Bagot Treaty with Canada creates world’s longest open border
\n1838 Osceola dies in prison after being tricked by false white flag
\n1838 Trail of Tears. Thousands of Indians forced from their homes & die
\n1838 Black Hawk, famous Sac warrior, dies of old age
\n1839 Abner Doubleday invents baseball at Cooperstown, NY
\n1839 Railway Express Co. founded in Boston
\n1840 Chief Joseph born near Wallowa, OR. Becomes great chief of Nez Perce’
\n1841 Wm. H. Harrison catches cold at Inauguration, dies a month later
\n1842 Crazy Horse born in South Dakota
\n1842 Plain Dealer Publishing Co. founded in Cleveland
\n1842 Webster-Ashburton Treaty defines Canadian-U.S. frontier
\n1843 McKinley, 25th President (5th from Ohio), born; dies 1901
\n1844 Samuel F. B. Morse opens telegraphic link between Baltimore and D.C.
\n1845 U. S. Naval Academy opens at Annapolis, MD
\n1845 Texas is annexed; war with Mexico follows
\n1846 Large crack in Liberty Bell gets too bad to permit ringing any more
\n1846 Potato famine in Ireland. Many flee to America for survival
\n1847 Brigham Young leads his followers into Salt Lake City, UT area
\n1847 Thomas Alva Edison born in Milan, OH February 11; dies in 1931
\n1847 American troops fight their way into the Halls of Montezuma in Mexico
\n1848 Treaty of 1848 gets CA, NM, AZ, NV UT, parts of CO and WY for the Union
\n1848 Cornerstone laid for the Washington Monument
\n1849 There’s G O L D in them thar hills! Invasion of California begins
\n1849 Eastern Michigan University founded
\n1853 Gadsden Purchase brings some Mexican territory into U.S.A.
\n1853 Commodore Matthew Perry opens trade routes with Japan
\n1854 War between Cleveland and Ohio City settled by annexation of latter
\n1854 Kansas – Nebraska Act. Provides springboard for Abe Lincoln
\n1854 Republican Party formed in Ripon, WI 28 February, under John Fremont
\n1854 George Boole writes on theories of logic and probabilities
\n1855 Soo Canal opens upper Great Lakes to commercial navigation
\n1855 Longfellow uses name of real Six Nation’s hero Hiawatha in mythical poem
\n1856 Wilson, 28th President, born; dies 1924
\n1856 Western Union Telegraph Co. established in Cleveland
\n1856 Cocaine extracted from cocoa beans, but has no legitimate use
\n1857 Dred Scott decision handed down by Supreme Court
\n1857 Transatlantic cable begins; completed in 1866
\n1857 Taft, 27th President (7th from Ohio), bo9n; dies 1930
\n1858 Theodore Roosevelt, 26th President, born; dies 1919
\n1859 Abolitionist John Brown leads assault on armory at Harper’s Ferry
\n1859 Colonel Robert E. Lee, U. S. Army, commands troops at Harpers Ferry
\n1859 Drake puts down first oil well in U.S.A., Titusville, PA
\n1860 Annie Oakley born in Darke County, Ohio log cabin
\n1860 Edwin C. Higbee opens store on Cleveland Public Square
\n1860 South Carolina becomes first state to secede from Union, December 20
\n1861 Confederate States adopt Provisional Constitution, February 8
\n1861 Civil War begins at Fort Sumter, Charleston, SC, April 12
\n1861 Ohioan Generals Grant, Sherman and Sheridan ride off to war
\n1861 Congress enacts first income tax August 2, on incomes more than $800
\n1861 U. S. Navy’s first aircraft carrier launches hot air balloon Aug 3
\n1861 First Congressional Medals of Honor awarded, to Union Navymen
\n1862 The Homestead Act.
\n1862 Duel between Merrimac and Monitor March 8; CSS Merrimac withdrew
\n1862 Ohioans LTC R. B. Hayes and Sgt Wm. McKinley saw action at Antietam
\n1863 The Emancipation Proclamation.
\n1863 The Gettysburg Address dedicated to more than two score thousand dead
\n1864 Lincoln posed for photograph which appears on $5 bill, Feb 9
\n1864 “In God We Trust” put on American coins for the first time April 22
\n1864 Massacre of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians at Sand Creek, CO
\n1864 Lincoln proclaims last Thursday in November to be Thanksgiving Day
\n1865 13th amendment abolishes slavery
\n1865 Lee surrenders to Grant at Appomattox on Palm Sunday, April 9
\n1865 Lincoln shot by Boothe April 14, dies next day
\n1865 Confederate Army surrenders at Shreveport, LA; Civil War ends May 26
\n1865 Last shot of Civil War fired by CSS Shenandoah in Bering Sea, June 22
\n1865 Harding, 29th President (8th from Ohio), born; dies in 1923
\n1866 Ohio briefly adopts state motto: “Imperium in Imperio”
\n1866 Congress recognizes the Metric system of measurements
\n1866 Alfred Nobel invents something that is “dynamite”
\n1867 British North American Act creates the Dominion of Canada
\n1867 US buys Alaska from Russia for $7.2 million
\n1868 14th amendment prohibits voting discrimination, among other things
\n1868 House impeaches President Johnson. Senate acquits him by one vote
\n1869 Transcontinental railroad completed; Ogden, UT wins the golden spike
\n1869 Cleveland’s first professional baseball team is The Forest City’s
\n1870 “Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea”, in a nuclear submarine
\n1870 15th Amendment gives blacks the right to vote
\n1870 John D. Rockefeller founds Standard Oil Company, in Cleveland, OH
\n1870 Robert E. Lee dies, October 12
\n1871 Mrs. O’Leary’s cow blamed for Chicago fire
\n1872 Coolidge, 30th President, born; dies 1933
\n1874 Hoover, 31st President, born; dies 1964
\n1876 Custer makes history books at Little Big Horn in Montana
\n1876 Liberty statue presented by France, construction requires ten years
\n1876 Does the name “Alexander Graham” ring a bell? Telephone invented
\n1877 Crazy Horse dies in a Nebraska prison from stab wounds
\n1878 First electric street lighting anywhere is on Cleveland Public Square
\n1880 Case School of Applied Science established in Cleveland
\n1881 Garfield assassinated. Arthur moves into the presidency
\n1882 F. D. Roosevelt, 32nd President, born; dies 1945
\n1883 First American skyscraper soars into Chicago skies, 10 stories
\n1883 Indonesian volcano Krakatau blows it’s top; 35,000 die
\n1884 Truman, 33rd President, born; dies 1972
\n1884 First “World Series” played
\n1889 Jefferson Davis dies at age 81 on December 6
\n1890 Eisenhower, 34th President, born; dies 1969
\n1890 Massacre at Wounded Knee
\n1892 Pledge of Allegiance published. Changes made in 1954
\n1895 “America the Beau:iful” written by Katherine Lee Bates
\n1898 Spanish – American War. Teddy Roosevelt rough-rides his way into Cuba
\n1900 Boxer Rebellion against foreigners in China begins
\n1901 McKinley assassinated, Theodore Roosevelt moves into presidency
\n1902 State of Ohio authorizes a state flag on May 9
\n1902 First 4-H Club anywhere is in Springfield, OH
\n1903 Wright brothers prove they are right for aviation at Kitty Hawk, NC
\n1904 Chief Joseph dies in exile in Washington state, fighting no more, forever
\n1904 Ohio adopts Scarlet Carnation as state flower to honor McKinley
\n1908 L. B. Johnson, 36th President, born; dies 1973
\n1909 NAACP founded by W. E. B. DuBois
\n1911 Reagan, 40th President, born
\n1912 Garrett Morgan of Cleveland invents the gas mask
\n1912 SS Titanic hits iceberg, 1503 lives lost
\n1913 Harriet Tubman, heroine of underground railroad, dies; buried in Ohio
\n1913 Nixon, 37th President, born
\n1913 Ford, 38th President (1st non-elected), born
\n1913 16th Amendment establishes income tax
\n1913 17th Amendment changed election rules for Senators
\n1914 World War I begins
\n1915 SS Lusitania sunk
\n1917 Kennedy, 35th President, born; dies 1963
\n1917 Russian Revolution; they enjoy brief democracy for only time in history
\n1918 The American’s Creed adopted April 3
\n1918 Armistice ends WW I on 11th hour of 11th day of 11th month
\n1919 18th Amendment introduces prohibition of intoxicating liquors
\n1920 19th Amendment brings women the vote
\n1923 Garrett Morgan of Cleveland invents traffic signals
\n1924 Carter, 39th President, born
\n1924 Bush, 41st President, born
\n1925 First municipal airport in the world is Hopkins, at Cleveland, OH
\n1929 Great Depression begins after bank and stock failures
\n1931 The National Anthem finally adopted by Congress March 3
\n1932 20th Amendment established starting date for Presidency & Congress
\n1933 21st Amendment repeals prohibition amendment
\n1933 Ohio adopts the Cardinal as the “Official Bird”
\n1939 Bill of Rights finally ratified by Massachusetts, Georgia & Connecticut
\n1941 December 7, the Day of Infamy, Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, HI
\n1945 World War II ends; first in Europe, then in Japan
\n1945 United Nations chartered in San Francisco; later moves to NYC
\n1947 Transistor invented at Bell Labs, in New Jersey
\n1950 North Korea invades South Korea
\n1951 22nd Amendment limits president to two terms. 1st proposer: Jefferson
\n1953 Most hostilities end in Korea, 38th parallel becomes DMZ
\n1953 Ohio adopts the Buckeye as the “Official Tree”
\n1959 Ohio adopts new Official Motto: “With God, All Things Are Possible”
\n1960 23rd Amendment granted Electoral College representation to DC
\n1962 Ohioan John Glenn is first U. S. astronaut to orbit earth
\n1962 Military aid begins in South Vietnam
\n1963 Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. announces “I Have A Dream” on August 28
\n1963 John F. Kennedy assassinated, Johnson moves into presidency
\n1964 24th Amendment killed “poll taxes”
\n1965 Ohio Flint adopted as the Official Gem Stone of the state
\n1967 25th Amendment allows President to step aside temporarily, then resume
\n1968 Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. murdered in Memphis
\n1969 Ohioan Neil Armstrong took one small step for a man, onto the moon
\n1971 26th amendment gives 18 year olds the vote
\n1973 Vice President Agnew forced to resign, Ford becomes 1st non-elected VP
\n1974 Nixon resigns in disgrace, Ford moves into the presidency
\n1975 The fall of Saigon, South Vietnam
\n1980 Mount St. Helens volcano erupts
\n1981 First female Supreme Court Justice is Sandra Day O’Connor
\n1984 Geraldine Ferraro is first serious female Vice Presidential candidate
\n1986 First true community computer system goes online in Cleveland, Ohio
\n1986 Rutan and Yeager took a one-tank-trip around the world
\n1986 Shuttle “Challenger” exploded on takeoff, 7 astronXuts perished
\n1989 Ohio adopts new words to official State Song
\n————————————<\/p>\n
Prepared by Gerald Murphy (The Cleveland Free-Net – aa300)
\nDistributed by the Cybercasting Services Division of the
\n National Public Telecomputing Network (NPTN).<\/p>\n
Permission is hereby granted to download, reprint, and\/or otherwise
\n redistribute this file, provided appropriate point of origin
\n credit is given to the preparer(s) and the National Public
\n Telecomputing Network.<\/p>\n
