From LISTSERV@VM1.NoDak.EDU Sun Mar 1 16:51:37 1992
\nFlags: 000000000000
\nReturn-Path:
\nReceived: by world.std.com (5.61+++\/Spike-2.0)
\n\tid AA09790; Sun, 1 Mar 92 16:51:31 -0500
\nReceived: from VM1.NoDak.EDU (via [134.129.111.1]) by relay1.UU.NET with SMTP
\n\t(5.61\/UUNET-internet-primary) id AA25283; Sun, 1 Mar 92 16:49:18 -0500
\nMessage-Id:
\nReceived: from NDSUVM1.BITNET by VM1.NoDak.EDU (IBM VM SMTP V2R2)
\n with BSMTP id 9439; Sun, 01 Mar 92 15:47:34 CST
\nReceived: by NDSUVM1 (Mailer R2.07) id 3275; Sun, 01 Mar 92 15:47:31 CST
\nDate: Sun, 1 Mar 1992 15:47:26 -0600
\nFrom: Revised List Processor (1.7b)
\nSubject: File: “FUSION CNF-PAT” being sent to you
\nTo: fhapgood@WORLD.STD.COM<\/p>\n
—————————————————————–
\n COLD NUCLEAR FUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY
\n ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
\n Dieter Britz alias britz@kemi.aau.dk
\n Kemisk Institut, Aarhus Universitet, DK-8000 Aarhus C<\/p>\n
Section 3 (Patents); 85 entries; latest update: 26-Feb-92
\n—————————————————————–
\nThis bibliography is in five parts:
\n1. Books.
\n2. Articles published in journals; no patents, preprints or
\n conferences.
\n3. Patents
\n4. News, reports, comments in scientific magazine\/journals (like
\n Science)
\n5. Published articles peripheral to cold fusion (background facts
\n etc)
\n6. Unpublished writings, preprints, supplied by Vincent Cate, and
\n available from him and (18-Jul-91) a collection of palladium
\n hydride references plus abstracts and annotations supplied by
\n Terry Bollinger, and copyrighted by him.<\/p>\n
In most cases, the customary publication citation system is
\nfollowed, i.e. author(s), journal name, volume, year, page number
\nand title, if any. Unless otherwise stated, the papers are in
\nEnglish. Some comments are appended to each citation; these are
\nthe compiler’s and may reflect a given personal interest. Where
\nthe compiler has not actually seen the article the citation
\nsource is stated (mostly Chemical Abstracts), and the comments
\ntaken from it. Many of the items are marked with \/.<\/p>\n
================================================================<\/p>\n
Section 3: Patents
\n^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
\n—————————————————————-
\nAssmann H, Hofer G, Hoffmann R, Martin J;
\nGer. Offenl. DE 39163397 A1, 19-May-89.
\n“Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Fusion von leichten Atomkernen”
\n(Method and apparatus for the fusion of light nuclei)
\n** .. especially of deuterium nuclei, from an electrolyte
\ncontaining these, or tritium, or lithium ions, in heavy water or
\nsuperheavy water, etc. The special feature here is that the anode
\nis made out of a material, such as Au, Pt or Pd, and is heated to
\nover 100 degC, preferably to 1000 degC, in order to partly
\ndissolve and deposit on the Pd cathode, so as to activate it.
\n—————————————————————-
\nBagnulo L; Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 402,988 19-Dec-90.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 114:216542 (1991).
\n“A process, with relevant plants and devices, for the production
\nof energy through the industrial application of plausible
\ndynamics concerning controlled cold nuclear fusion”.
\n** “…nuclear fusion in metals, esp. Pd and Ti, which readily
\nabsorb H and its isotopes. The process is based on the absorption
\nby these metals, through electrolysis of [sic; ‘or’ meant?]
\ngas-pressurising, of D or its mixts. with T or He, followed by
\ntheir consequent liberation within cracks, created in the metal
\nmass either by mech. or metallurgical means.”
\n—————————————————————-
\nBelton GR; PCT Int. Appl. WO 90 13,124, 21. April 1989.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115:17343 (1991).
\n“Cold nuclear fusion method and apparatus”.
\n** “A method and app. are described for generating thermal energy
\nby cold fusion by increasing the activity of a monoat. D species
\nto a level at which there is significant cold fusion. The method
\nand the app. comprise contacting Pd or any other material capable
\nof taking up D with a gaseous atm. comprising D and subjecting
\nthe gaseous atm. to an elec. field to generate a sufficiently
\nhigh activity of the monoat. D species to achieve nuclear fusion
\nreactions in the Pd”. (Quoted from Chem. Abstr.)
\n—————————————————————-
\nBrumlik, GC, Cvijanovich GC, Johnson K;
\n PCT Int. Appl. WO 90 16,070, 27-Dec-90.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 114:216545 (1991).
\n“Catalyzed nuclear fusion of heavy isotopes of hydrogen”.
\n** A nuclear fusion device and method for D or T are described
\nhaving a solid\/ liq. phase of noble metals in contact with
\nanother phase contg. D or T where the nuclei of D or T are moved
\ninto the lattice of the liq. or solid noble metal by means of
\ndiffusion, mech. forces, or by elec. or magnetic means to undergo
\ntemp.- and lattice-assisted nuclear fusion”.?\/Nov-90
\n—————————————————————-
\nCoupland DR, Doyle ML, Potter RJ, McGill Ir;
\nPCT Int. Appl. WO 90 15,415, 13-Dec-90.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 114:216546 (1991).
\n“Cold-fusion support”.
\n** “Materials are described which are effective to support cold
\nfusion when loaded with D, e.g. Pd modified to change the local
\nenvironment for D under cold fusion conditions. Particular
\nmodifications are alloys or dispersions of Pd with Ce, Ag, LaNi5,
\nand Ti. Other modifications concern the grain size. Excess heat
\nand T and n have been detected”.?\/Dec-90
\n—————————————————————–
\nDies KF; Ger. Offenl. DE 3913002 A1, 25.10.1990 (in German).
\n“Process for the generation of fusion energy by the use of
\nFe-(2)M alloys, which are produced by electrolysis as well as by
\nlysis (etching)”.
\n** The title has “Fe-(2)M” but the abstract has the more probable
\n“(2)H-Fe”, i.e. Fe-D compounds (“alloys”). There may be additions
\nof such iron-group metals as Cr, Ti, Zr, Mn etc, to enhance
\ndeuteride stability. Pt or Pd can also be used. Both with
\nelectrolysis and etching in deuterated acids such as DCl, DF,
\nDBr, D2SO4 and HNO3, the metal is infused with deuterium, and we
\nhave “etch fusion”, a new word. Fe, Ni or Co rods can be used
\neither normal or in the austenitic form.
\n—————————————————————–
\nDrexler J; PCT Int. Appl. WO 91 02,359, 21-Feb-91.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 114:2554494 (1991).
\n“Distributed accumulator for energy conversion”.
\n** “A cell is described for producing thermal energy by
\nabsorption or adsorption of D and lithon into D ion-permeable and
\nli-ion-permeable particulates supported on a surface of an
\naccumulator in the form of a mesh, rods, sheets, or membranes, or
\nwithin a gelatin-like matrix. Deuterons and lithons are produced
\nby electrolyte ionization in a liq. contg. high purity D2O, and
\nnet elec. charge on a D-permeable and lithon-permeable
\nparticulate is controlled by allowing neg. charged OD- radicals
\nto accumulate on the surface of the particulates that balance out
\nthe pos. charged deuterons and lithons”. (Quoted from CA).
\n—————————————————————–
\nDufour J; S. African ZA 90 05,389, 11-Jul-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115(22):242246 (1991).
\n“Energy source system”.
\n** “Energy is produced by: loading a body with >=1 H isotope
\nwhere at least a part of the body comprises >=1 metal capable of
\nforming a metal hydride-type lattice system; arranging the body
\nas an electrode of a capacitor means in an elec. circuit along
\nwith another electrode connected with an externally controllable
\nvoltage supply means; operating the voltage supply means; and
\nrecovering energy produced in the body by operating the voltage
\nsupply means. The system produces energy by a process commonly
\nknown as cold fusion”. (Direct quote from CA).
\n—————————————————————–
\nForrat F; Fr. Demande FR 2,647,943 06-Jun-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115(10):101349 (1991).
\n“Reactor for electrolytic nuclear fusion in solid electrolyte”.
\n** “The title reactor comprises a solid electrolyte, e.g. glass,
\ncrystal, ceramics, electrolytically or chem.-vapor deposited
\nfilm. An a.c. current is applied to generate fusion and heat
\nenergy is recovered by a fluid. The reactor can be used for
\nisotope prodn.” (Quoted direct from CA).
\n—————————————————————–
\nFujishima A, Ito K;
\n Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03 06,490, 5-Jun-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115:59226 (1991).
\n“Controlling cold nuclear fusion based on electrochemistry”.
\n** “In controlling cold nuclear fusion based on electrochem., a
\ncathode contg. a temp.-controlling device is used to adjust the
\ntemp. of the anode”. (Quoted from CA).
\n—————————————————————–
\nFukami A, Kumafuji H;
\n Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03,35,193 3-Jul-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115:80705 (1991).
\n“Lanthanum nickel cathode for electrolytic exothermic tritium
\nformation”.
\n** “The cathode consists of Pd-coated LaNi5 alloy used in
\n(3)H-formation by electrolyzing an electrolytic soln. contg. D2O
\nand small amt. base with a Pt anode and a cathode to produce
\nlarger energy than required for the electrolysis. The cathode may
\nbe built in a porous Al2O3 container instead of Pd-coating. The
\ncathode had high H absorption”. (Direct quote from CA)
\n—————————————————————–
\nGamo T, Niikura J, Taniguchi N, Hatoh K, Adachi K (Matsushita
\n Electric Industrial Co. Ltd.);
\n European Pat. Appl. EP 0 395 066 A2, 26.04.1990.
\n“Apparatus for cold nuclear fusion”.
\n** Prepared by a German representative (patent lawyer?), this
\nincredibly badly written patent application claims a number of
\n“preferred embodiments” for cold fusion. One is electrolysis at a
\ncathode of an alloy capable of occluding hydrogen isotopes, such
\nas Ti, Zr, and the like, in an electrolyte containing a compound
\nof hydrogen isotope and oxygen such as heavy water including
\nalkali metal ions such as Li+, K+ and the like. “Tritiums”,
\n“noutrons” may be produced by making use of “lithiums” and by the
\n“tonnel” effect. There is a list of example alloys for use as
\ncathode, all having larger hydrogen occlusion ability than “Pb”
\nand the like. An example shows that at the end of an
\nelectrolysis, 5 times the starting concentration of T is found,
\nproving that cold fusion had taken place. Also, 500 neutrons of
\n2.45 MeV were detected or 10 times the background. In the second
\npreferred embodiment, some amorphous alloys are used, not having
\n“a crystal lattice rule of a long period”, meaning (presumably)
\nno long-range order. Some of these appear to have a rather high
\nhydrogen uptake. Crumbling was never observed and again, excess
\ntritiums are seen. The third embodiment uses a large (7 mm
\ndiameter) spherical cathode. In this way, the collision
\nprobability for deuterons is enhanced in the centre of the
\nelectrode and in this way, the nuclear fusion reaction was caused
\neasily and an enormous energy was obtained (I am quoting). Two to
\nten times the background neutron count was detected in an
\nexample. In another example, two spherical alloy samples were
\ncharged with D2 gas, and then a high-frequency discharge passed
\nbetween them. Neutrons at 1000 times the background was observed;
\nusing pure H2, the neutron flux was the same as the background.
\nTemperature cycling was also tried, and neutrons detected.
\n—————————————————————–
\nHagelstein PL; Int. Pat. Appl. WO 90\/13129, 1-Nov-90.
\n“Fusion apparatus”.
\n** “Fusion apparatuses for coupling fusible material to a
\nquantized mode in coherent fusion are provided. Method for
\noptimization of reactor operation, control of the coherent fusion
\nreaction and extraction of usable energy generated are provided”.
\nSome of the means of doing this are: containing the fusible
\nmaterial (deuterium) in an electrically conductive radially
\nsymmetric vessel and initiating fusion through coupling to
\nplasmon modes or by radially polarizing insulating crystals, or
\nby lining the vessel with radially disposed rod-like projections
\nelectrically connected in series with an oscillator and in series
\nwith a computer controlled variable load for extracting the
\nenergy; acoustic excitation or excitement by alpha particles or
\ncosmic rays. The inventor’s theory is given (twice), p.48 shows a
\nletter to Florence and Sam and there are 138 claims.
\n—————————————————————–
\nHasegawa M, Hosono N; Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 414,399, 27-Feb-91.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 114:255493 (1991).
\n“Process for storing hydrogen, and apparatus for cold nuclear
\nfusion and method for generating heat energy, using the process”.
\n** “A process for storing H comprises placing a H storing member
\nin a H gas atm. and generating a discharge in the H gas atm.,
\nthereby occluding the H in the H storing member. An app. for cold
\nfusion by using the above process is also claimed”. (Quoted from
\nCA).
\n—————————————————————–
\nHora H, Miley GH; Ger. Offenl. DE 3810806 A1, 11.10.1990
\n(in German).
\n“Verfahren und Anordnung zu Kernverschmelzungsreaktionen bei
\ntiefen Temperaturen” (Method and apparatus for nuclear fusion
\nreactions at low temperatures).
\n** Professors Hora and Miley (editor of Fusion Technology) write
\nthat the electrolytic charging of Pd or Ti with deuterium leads
\nto surface contamination. This is avoided by charging with
\ndeuterium gas under pressure, which is one of their inventions
\nhere laid bare. The 9 claims widen this concept to include any
\nmetallic element in “the eighth group of the periodic table”
\nbeing exposed to H2, D2 or T2 gas, temperature control during
\nsuch a process, absorption of neutrons, alpha or beta emission,
\nthe admixture of such isotopes as (11)B, (6)Li and (7)Li to the
\nmetals, attainment of high hydrogen isotope concentration in the
\nmetal, the use of electric discharge towards this end, the use of
\nhigh-surface forms of the metals or mixtures thereof, control of
\nthe metal hydrides’ compressibility and finally, the use of these
\nprocesses for initiating an explosive nuclear fission [sic]
\nreaction. Since this is an Offenlegungsschrift and not (yet) a
\nfull patent, no details are given of how all this is implemented.
\n—————————————————————–
\nHosono N; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03,215,785, 19-Jan-90.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 116:12355 (1992).
\n“Thermal-energy generators based on cold nuclear fusion”.<\/p>\n
** “A thermal-energy generator based on cold nuclear fusion,
\ncontains: (1) a container of D gas; (2) a pair of electrodes, at
\nleast 1 of which is formed of a H-storing metal; (3) a means to
\napply voltage on the electrodes to cause elec. discharge in the
\npresence of D gas between them; (4) a thermal conductor to
\ntransfer heat generated at the electrodes to a coolant; and (5) a
\nconverter, to heat, of the kinetic energy of n generated by cold
\nnuclear fusion on the H-storing metal”. (Direct quote from CA).<\/p>\n
—————————————————————–
\nHosono N; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03,215,786, 19-Jan-90.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 116:12356 (1992).
\n“Apparatus for on cold nuclear fusion using solar energy”.
\n** “The app. contains: (1) a solar-energy-based elec. generator;
\n(2) a means to generate D by electrolysis of heavy H2O using
\nelectricity from the generator; (3) a means to adsorb D using a
\nmetal; (4) a means to contain D generated by (2); (5) a
\ncold-nuclear-fusion device in (4), which comprises a pair of
\ndischarge electrodes, at least 1 of which is made of the
\nH-adsorbing metal; and (b) [sic] a device to apply voltage to the
\nelectrodes to cause elec. discharge”. (Direct quote from CA).
\n—————————————————————–
\nIgarashi M; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02,280,086, appl. 21-Apr-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstracts 115:37282 (1991).
\n“Cold nuclear fusion and apparatus”.
\n** “In cold nuclear fusion based on the electrolysis of heavy
\nH2O, an ionic conductor placed between anode and cathode contains
\nD+, and the cathode is formed of a material (e.g. Li) which can
\nstore H. The ionic conductor may also contain T+”. (Quoted from
\nChem. Abstr.).
\n—————————————————————–
\nIshikawa A, Katsumi M;
\n Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03 78,691, 23-Aug-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 116(6):47853 (1992).
\n“Power generation by cold nuclear fusion”.
\n** “Thermal energy is generated by implanting D in a substance
\n(e.g. Pd) to cause cold nuclear fusion, and the thermal energy is
\nconverted into elec. power by thermoelec. means”. (Direct quote
\nfrom CA).
\n——————————————————————
\nIshikawa Y, Ogata H, Saho N, Mihara Y;
\nJpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02,276,990, 13-Nov-90.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 114:255488 (1991).
\n“Nuclear fusion at room temperature”.
\n** “In the nuclear fusion based on the electrolysis of heavy H2O,
\na D-absorbing cathode has a porous structure. To increase the
\nabsorption rate of O [sic], small amt. of As, CN-, S2- and\/or Cl-
\nis added to the heavy H2O”. (Quoted from CA).
\n——————————————————————
\nIshikawa Y, Ogata H, Saho N, Mihara Y;
\nJpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02,276,992, 13-Nov-90.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 114:255487 (1991).
\n“Deuterium absorption in nuclear fusion”.
\n** “In nuclear fusion, D is absorbed, in vapor phase, by a
\nneg.-biased material (e.g. Pd). The material may be a film formed
\nby chem.-vapor or sputter deposition in a D atm.” (Quoted from
\nCA).
\n—————————————————————–
\nIwamatsu S; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02,298,891, 15-May-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115:80698 (1991).
\n“Nuclear fusion reactor”.
\n** “A nuclear fusion reactor includes (1) a compartment for
\nforming a plasma >From O2O [sic] or D, (2) a compartment for
\naccelerating D ions in the plasma, (3) a compartment for
\nprojecting this D ion beam toward a metal target (e.g. Pd), and
\n(4) a target support as well as a heat exchanger.” (Direct quote
\nfrom CA)
\n—————————————————————–
\nIwamatsu S; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02,304,393, 18-May-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115:59228 (1991).
\n“Cold nuclear fusion based on heavy-water electrolysis”.
\n** “Cold nuclear fusion is based on the electrolysis of D2O and
\nuses cathodes >From Ni or a Ni-Pd alloy”. (Quoted from CA).
\n—————————————————————–
\nIwamatsu S; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02,306,193, 19-May-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115(12): 122213 (1991).
\n“Cold nuclear fusion based on heavy-water electrolysis”.
\n** “In cold nuclear fusion based on D2O electrolysis, a cathode
\nbar from a H absorbing metal (and Pd) is used, and a Pt coated Ti
\nanode plate is placed around the cathode bar”. (Direct quote from
\nCA).
\n——————————————————————
\nIwamatsu S; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02,307,093, 22-May-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115:59227 (1991).
\n“Cold nuclear fusion based on heavy-water electrolysis”.
\n** “In cold nuclear fusion, pressured O or its plasma is
\nintroduced into a container made of Pt, Ti or a Pd-Ti alloy.
\nNuclear fusion is caused on the inner wall of the container.
\nAlternatively, the container is filled with a powder of Pt, Ti,
\nor the Pd-Ti alloy before the introduction of D or its D plasma.
\nVoltage may be applied to the D plasma, forming D ions”. (Quoted
\nfrom CA).
\n—————————————————————–
\nIwamatsu S; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02,311,792, 27-Dec-90.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 114:255498 (1991).
\n“Method of cold fusion”.
\n** D2 gas or plasma state D or ionized D gas is absorbed into a
\nH2-absorbing alloy. Pd may be loaded inside and\/or on the surface
\nof the alloy. The method does not necessarily require
\nelectrolysis. Thus, a H2-absorbing alloy is exposed to D2 gas to
\nabsorb as much as 1000 times the vol. of the alloy, to cause cold
\nnuclear fusion The heat evolved by the cold fusion can be extd.
\nvia heat exchangers”. (Quoted from CA).
\n——————————————————————
\nIwamatsu S; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02,297,093, appl. 11-May-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstracts 115:37284 (1991).
\n“Method of cold fusion”.
\n** “A cathode consisting of a Pd container or Pd tube contg.
\npressurized D2 is exposed to D+ ions or D plasma atm. or
\nsubjected to accelerated driving of D. Thus, an elec. current is
\napplied to a Pt anode and a Pd pipe cathode contg. pressurized D
\ngas, then cold fusion occurs at a high probability at the surface
\nor inside of the Pd pipe cathode. The same effect can be achieved
\nby exposing the Pd cathode to D2O or D plasma gas and accelerated
\ndriving of D ions.” (Quoted from Chem. Abstr.)
\n——————————————————————
\nIwamatsu S; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02,306,192, appl. 19-May-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstracts 115:37287 (1991).
\n“Method of cold fusion”.
\n** “At least the cathode plate to be immersed in heavy water is
\nof Ti material. The electrodes can be an alternative to precious
\nmetal electrodes. Thus, a Ti plate, preferably porous Ti cathode
\nand a Ti plate of Pt-plated Ti plate anode are immersed in heavy
\nwater, and elec. current is applied to the electrodes to cause
\ncold fusion at the cathode. The cathode can be a Pd-plated Ti
\nplate”. (Quoted from CA)
\n—————————————————————–
\nJones SE, Palmer EP, Czirr JB, Rafelski J, Price R;
\nPCT Int. Appl. WO 90 13,125, 26. April 1989.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115:17342 (1991).
\n“Piezonuclear fusion”
\n** “Several methods of loading a host material with D and
\npromoting nuclear cold fusion either by elec. current or heating
\nand cooling are claimed. The loading methods include electrolysis
\nof D2O, exposure to D, thermal cycling of host material under D,
\ncatalytic infusion etc”. (Quoted from CA).
\n——————————————————————
\nJoshi AV; PCT Int. Appl. WO 90 13,127 18-Apr-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115:80697 (1991).
\n“Electrolytic apparatus for dissociation of compounds containing
\nhydrogen isotopes”.
\n** “An improved app. is described for high temp. electrolytic
\ndecompn. of compds. contg. H isotopes, e.g. D. The app. includes
\na solid state electrolyte capable of conducting O, H+, Li or Na
\nions, an anode porous to O adherent to one surface of the solid
\nstate electrolyte, and a H-absorbing cathode such as Fe, Ti, Mg,
\nNi, Pd or their alloy, adherent to another surface of the solid
\nstate electrolyte. The app. is placed in a H isotope medium and
\n1-2 V of d.c. passed through the electrodes. Upon application of
\nthis voltage D2 is absorbed in the cathode. Once the satn. of D2
\nin cathode occurs fusion begins to take place, thus releasing
\nheat energy. A cold fusion process using a molten electrolyte is
\nalso claimed”. (Direct quote from CA).
\n—————————————————————–
\nKanno Y; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02,281,185, appl. 21-Apr-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstracts 115:37283 (1991).
\n“Acceleration of cold nuclear fusion by ultrasound”.
\n** “Cold nuclear fusion based on electrolysis of D2O is
\naccelerated by applying ultrasound to D2O” (quoted from CA).
\n—————————————————————–
\nKasahara M, Negishi H;
\n Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03 53,194, 21-Jul-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115(18):192159 (1991).
\n“Power generators based on cold nuclear fusion”.
\n** “A power generator based on cold nuclear fusion utilizes heavy
\nH2O, a Pt anode, a Pd cathode, and an elec. power source, is
\ncharacterized in that the Pd cathode is porous”. (Direct quote
\nfrom CA).
\n—————————————————————–
\nKasahara M, Negishi H;
\n Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03 53,195, 21-Jul-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115(18):192158 (1991).
\n“Power generators based on cold nuclear fusion”.
\n** “A power generator based on cold nuclear fusion, which
\nutilizes heavy H2O, a Pt anode, a Pd cathode, and an elec. power
\nsource, is characterized in that the Pd cathode is porous, and it
\nis under vibration”. (Direct quote from CA).
\n—————————————————————–
\nKumafuji H, Fukami A;
\n Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03,35,192 3-Jul-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115:80704 (1991).
\n“Uranium cathode for electrolytic exothermic tritium formation”.
\n** “The cathode consists of Pd-coated U used in (3)H-formation by
\nelectrolyzing an electrolytic soln. contg. D2O and small amt.
\nbase with a Pt anode and a cathode to produce larger energy than
\nrequired for the electrolysis. The cathode may be built in a
\nporous Al2O3 container instead of Pd-coating. The cathode had
\nhigh H absorption”. (Direct quote from CA)
\n—————————————————————–
\nKuwano Y, Nasako K, Fujitani S, Yonezaki T, Furukawa A, Yonezu I,
\nMoriwaki K, Kameoka S, Saito T, Furukawa S;
\nJpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02,280,088, 20-Apr-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115:59220 (1991).
\n“Systems for cold nuclear fusion, heat transport, and
\nthermoelectric cells”.
\n** “In a cold-nuclear-fusion-system, in which an anode from an
\nO-generating metal (e.g. LaNi5), and a H-absorbing cathode are
\nplaced in electrolyte-contg. D2O: (1) the cathode is formed of a
\nH-occluded alloy; and (2) an elec. field is applied between the
\nelectrodes. A D-compd. (e.g. D2S) may be added to the
\nelectrolyte. A heat-transport system uses heat generated by the
\ncold-fusion system, and the H gas adsorbed [sic] and released by
\nthe H-occluded alloy is employed as a heat-transfering [sic]
\nmedium. A thermoelec.-cell system comprises the cold fusion
\nsystem and a thermoelec. cell”. (Quoted from CA)
\n—————————————————————–
\nMartin J; Ger. Offenl. DE 3915153 A1, 15.11.1990 (in German).
\n“Process and apparatus for the uptake of hydrogen in a solid”.
\n** Expressed very generally, this invention is about the uptake of hydrogen
\nisotopes in a solid that is capable of taking it up. This could be, for
\nexample, a palladium cathode in a cold fusion arrangement, or a hydrogen
\nstorage material in a vehicle. The essence of the invention is to solve the
\nproblem of an active layer, that enables hydrogen uptake; such a layer is here
\ngenerated continuously by means of, e.g., a dilute palladium salt in the
\nelectrolyte (causing Pd deposition in a spongy, active form), or by means of
\nsurface radiation treatment of the material. Various other means are covered.
\n——————————————————————————
\nMikami A, Kuroki K, Furukawa S, Nasako K, Yonezu I, Moriwaki K;
\nJpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02,306,194, 19-May-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115:59223 (1991).
\n“Apparatus for cold nuclear fusion and heat-transport system”.
\n** “The app. consists of a cathode-comprising tank from a H-absorbing metal,
\nD2O contg. an electrolyte, and a cathode immersed in the D2O, while elec.
\ninsulated from the tank. Nuclear fusion of D is conducted in the cathode with
\nthe application of an elec. field between the electrodes. A heat-transport
\nsystem is based on the absorption and releasing of H (heat-transfering medium)
\nby the H-absorbing metal”. (Quoted from CA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nMills RL; PCT Int. Appl. WO 90 13,126 Nov. 1990; US Appl. 341,733, 21-Apr-89.
\nCited in: Chem. Abstr. 114:173685 (1991).
\n“Energy\/matter conversion methods and structures”.
\n** “A method and app. for releasing energy comprise: selecting a 1st and a 2nd
\natom; detg. the resonance orbital shrinkage nergy levels of the e orbitals of
\nthe 2 atoms; providing 2 energy holes substantially equal to each of the
\nshrinkage energy levels of the atoms; and juxtaposing the atoms and energy
\nholes to produce nuclear fusion of the atoms. The cold fusion takes place when
\nthe energy is removed from the electron orbitals of atoms by the energy holes
\npermitting redn. of the at. orbitals and attractive nuclear forces to act. The
\nenergy holes can be provided by using a catalytic ion-pair, each ion having
\nionization energy close to the resonance orbital shrinkage energy of one of
\nthe ions. A table of numerous such ion-pairs is also presented.”
\n——————————————————————————
\nMizugai T; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02,271,288, 6-Nov-90.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 114:216547 (1991).
\n“Nuclear fusion employing heavy fermion effect within a solid material”.
\n** “Deuterium ((2)D, or (2)D and (3)T) is made to be absorbed by a heavy
\nfermion compd. or a composite of the heavy fermion compd. and a H-storing
\nmaterial, to cause nuclear fusion. The method uses electrons with
\nextraordinary heavy mass due to the heavy fermion effect in solid state to
\nshield elec. charge of the deuteron to cause nuclear fusion with a small
\nunit”. ?\/Nov-90
\n——————————————————————————
\nMotomiya T; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02,293,692, 04-Dec-90.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 114:255491 (1991).
\n“Cold nuclear fusion”
\n** “Cold nuclear fusion includes: (a) introducing a D gas (ca. 1E-03 Torr)
\ninto a vacuum chamber contg. a planar or curved cathode plate from an elec.
\nconductor (e.g., P2) which is likely to form a hydride, and a needlelike anode
\n>From a refractory elec. conductor; (b) applying d.c. to form an elec. field of
\nca. 30 V\/Angstrom between the electrode tips for the ionisation of D; and (c)
\naccelerating D ions toward the cathode plate; so that the plate absorbs and
\nenriches D ions”. (Quoted from CA)
\n——————————————————————————
\nNakanishi F, Tatsumi M, Tada K;
\nJpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02,287,289, 27-Nov-90.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 114:255490 (1991).
\n“Power generator based on cold nuclear fusion”
\n** “A power generator based on cold nuclear fusion which involves electrolysis
\nof D2O is characterized in that D and O generated by the electrolysis are
\nburned back to D2O, which is returned to the electrolysis tank”.
\n(Quoted from CA)
\n——————————————————————————
\nNakano H; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03 02,690, 31-May-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115:59224 (1991).
\n“Deuterium-absorbing materials in cold nuclear fusion”.
\n** “A D-absorbing material (e.g. Pd) used in cold nuclear fusion has an
\namorphous structure. Nuclear fusion of D atoms has increased efficiency”.
\n(Quoted from CA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nNeeb KH, Hoffmann R, Martin J; Ger. Offen. DE 3,920,312, 3-Jan-91.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 114:216543 (1991).
\n“Method and apparatus for fusion of light particles in solid getter”.
\n** “The title method of fusion of H and\/or its isotopes in a solid getter
\ncomprises an electrode, e.g. Pd, a center electrode, and an electrolyte where
\nthe getter and the light particles are irradiated and\/or bombarded with
\nradiation and\/or particles, e.g., n, alpha-particles, or (3)He ions. One of
\nthe ways to implement the above process is incorporating an alpha-emitting
\nnuclei [sic] in the cathode material. The above process increases cold fusion
\nprobability. ?\/Jan-91
\n——————————————————————————
\nNishiyama I, Nanbu Y; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03 51,794, 19-Jul-89
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115(20):217010 (1991).
\n“Cold nuclear fusion apparatus”.
\n** “The app., equipped with a device for heavy-H2O electrolysis, is
\ncharacterized in that the cathode of the device is formed at a
\ngraphite-alkali-metal interlayer compd. (e.g. C8K)” (Direct quote from CA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nNobunaga H; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02,297,094, appl. 11-May-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstracts 115:37285 (1991).
\n“Method for hydrogen nuclear fusion”.
\n** “In cold fusion by applying elec. voltage between a pair of electrodes
\nimmersed in heavy water, an elemental metal selected from alkali metal, alk.
\nearth metal, rare earth elements, Sc, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Nb, Hf and Ta is used
\nas the cathode material. Thus, a Au anode and a La cathode are set in a
\ncontainer holding heavy water contg. a metal salt. When 20 V const. potential
\nwas applied between the electrodes, H2 (sic) bubble appeared on the cathode
\nsurface in several minits [sic] suggesting initial sorption of D+ ions within
\nthe cathode, and emission was obsd. of n, gamma-rays and heat. When Mn was
\nused as the cathode, bubbles appeared immediately, but no n and gamma-emission
\nwere obsd. Metals capable of forming hydrides seemed to be able to cause cold
\nfusion”. (Quoted from Chem. Abstr., including “(sic)” but not “[sic]”).
\n——————————————————————————
\nNobunaga H; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02,297,095, appl. 11-May-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstracts 115:37286 (1991).
\n“Method for hydrogen nuclear fusion”.
\n** “In nuclear fusion by applying elec. voltage between a pair of electrodes
\nimmersed in heavy water to cause cold fusion at the cathode, an alloy contg.
\n>=1 of rare earth elements, Mg, Ni, Co, Fe and Ti is used as the cathode
\nmaterial. Thus, a Au anode and a LaNi5 cathode are set in a container holding
\nheavy water contg. a metal salt. When 20 V const. potential was applied, H
\nbubbles appeared on the LaNi5 cathode surface suggesting initial sorption of
\nD+ ions in the cathode, and emission was obsd. of n, gamma-rays and heat. No n
\nand gamma-rays were obsd. with a stainless steel (SUS 304) cathode. Metal
\ncapable of forming hydrides seemed to be able to cause cold fusion”. (Quoted
\n>From Chem. Abstr., including “(sic)” but not “[sic]”).
\n——————————————————————————
\nNoninski V, Noninski Kh; PCT Int. Appl. WO 91 01,493, 20-Jul-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 114:2554496 (1991).
\n“Method and device for the determination of the obtained energy during
\nelectrolytic processes”.
\n** “A method and app. for use in detg. the quantity of energy obtained during
\nelectrolytic processes is disclosed. The app. includes a Dewar vessel contg.
\na measured quantity of H2O. An electrolyte cell is hermetically sealed in the
\nvessel. A plurality of thermocouples is positioned within the vessel for
\npurposes of measuring temps. within the vessel. A magnetic stirrer is mounted
\nin the bottom of the vessel. The app. can be used in cold fusion exts.”.
\n(Quoted from CA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nOgata H, Saho N, Ishikawa Y, Mihara Y;
\nJpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02,276,989, 5-Apr-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115:59218 (1991).
\n“Apparatus for nuclear fusion at room temperature”.
\n** “The app. comprises a container for heavy H2O, electrodes placed in the
\nheavy H2O, an elec. power source, a means to circulate the heavy H2O between
\nthe container and a heat exchanger, and a system of a heating medium, which
\ncomments [sic] the heat exchanger and a power-extn. compartment”.
\n(Quoted from CA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nOgino S; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03,194,493, 22-Dec-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115:289488 (1991).
\n“Cold nuclear fusion apparatus”.
\n** “The app. comprises an anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte bath contg.
\nheavy H2O, where the cathode is formed of V, Sr, Y, Nb, Hf or Ta, and adsorbs
\nD produced by the electrolysis of heavy H2O”. (Direct quote from CA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nOgino S; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03,194,494, 22-Dec-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115:289489 (1991).
\n“Cold nuclear fusion apparatus”.
\n** “The app. comprises an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte bath, and a means
\nto expose cathode metal, where the electrolytic bath contains heavy H2O, the
\ncathode is formed of a D-adsorbing metal, and the means keeps active the
\nsurface of the cathode metal”. (Direct quote from CA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nOjiri H, Nakamura M; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03,150,284, 20-Sep-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115(22): 242242 (1991).
\n“Apparatus for cold nuclear fusion”.
\n** “An app. for cold nuclear fusion includes: (a) a chamber with a means to
\nguide a D-contg. gas into it, and a exhaust means; (b) a plasma-generating
\nmeans; and (c) a reactive substrate on which is a H-absorbing metal (e.g.,
\nPd). Nuclear fusion is caused by contacting a plane of the gas with the
\nreactive substance”. (Direct quote from CA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nOmori, T; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03,105,494, 07-Nov-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115(22): 242243 (1991).
\n“Apparatus for cold nuclear fusion”.
\n** “The app., which includes a reaction tank contg. D2O, a pair of discharge
\nelectrodes in the tank, and a power source to apply pulsed voltage on the
\nelectrodes, and which causes nuclear fusion based on D ion generation by
\npulsed voltage, and a pressure wave produced by underwater plasma discharge,
\nis equipped with a partition structure around the plasma-discharge area, which
\ncontrols the pressure of the wave”. (Direct quote from CA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nOnchi M, Tarui H, Kuroki K; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03 07,113, 5-Jun-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115:59225 (1991).
\n“Cooker based on cold nuclear fusion”.
\n** “The title cooker comprises an outer container and an inner container for
\ncooking materials, where the space between the 2 containers is filled with
\nD2O. An anode (e.g. Pt) to generate O and a cathode from a H-absorbing
\nmaterial (e.g. Pd) are placed in the D2O, close to the inner container, and an
\nelec. field is applied between the 2 electrodes to cause the electrolysis of
\nD2O”. (Quoted from CA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nPons S, Fleischmann M, Walling CT, Simons JP;
\nWorld Pat. Appl. WO 90\/10935. 12 March 1990.
\n“Method and apparatus for power generation”.
\n** about 100 pp.; it starts off by naming 7 earlier US pat. applications,
\ngoing back to March 13, 1989, of specific claims such as heat generation,
\nneutron beam method, power generation. This one combines all of these, and
\n“relates to methods and apparatuses for generating heat, neutrons, tritium or
\nelectrical power, and in one illustration, to an apparatus which utilises heat
\nproduced by compressing low atomic weight nuclei in a metal lattice under
\nconditions which produce excess heat, possibly involving nuclear fusion”.
\nA number of materials, preferably palladium or other metals, are suggested,
\nas well as deuterium, to produce heat, tritium and “neutron beams” by
\ncollimation; these can then be used for neutron radiography, – diffraction,
\n– activation, etc. In all, 50 claims are made. New ideas, not previously
\nexposed in the authors’ publications, are the formation of the isotopic
\nhydride by transfer from another hydride (LiD etc) to the metal; and the use
\nof radioactive dopants in order to knock the PdD lattice with neutrons, alpha
\nor beta particles.
\n——————————————————————————
\nRabinowitz M, Worledge DH; Int. Pat. Appl. WO 90\/13128, 1-Nov-90.
\n“Enhancing nuclear fusion rate in a solid”.
\n** Methods for increasing the collision rate of light isotopes in a carrier
\n(i.e. deuterium in Pd, Ti etc). One way is to constrain the isotope to one-
\ndimensional motion by making the carrier in the form of thin filaments, or by
\nproviding thin channels, or thin layers, within it. This is done by a number
\nof techniques such as vapour deposition, sputtering and ion bombardment or by
\nusing material that has such channels or layers naturally. The use of heavy
\nfermion material will yield electrons with large effective mass, which will
\naid in overcoming the Coulomb barrier between deuterons and the like. Other
\nsuggestions are made. 21 claims are made.
\n——————————————————————————
\nRabinowitz M, Santucci J, Worledge DH; Int. Pat. Appl. WO 90\/14670, 29-Nov-90.
\n“Isotope deposition, stimulation, and direct energy conversion for nuclear
\nfusion in a solid”.
\n** The invention provides techniques for deposition of light isotopes in a
\nhydrogen absorbing solid and their stimulation to accelerate their fusion,
\nin various embodiments such as a metal with planar, channel construction,
\nthermal (laser) stimulation to produce high hydrogen isotope concentration,
\nlaser ablation to produce a shock wave, and the use of ultrasonics for aiding
\nwith the loading and stimulation. Techniques for the conversion of the energy
\nto electricity are included. The metal is loaded by alternate vapour
\ndeposition of metal, deuterium, metal, etc, in thin layers. 16 claims.
\n——————————————————————————
\nSadoway DR; PCT Int. Appl. WO 91 06,959, 16-May-91.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115(18):192160 (1991).
\n“Media for solid state fusion”.
\n** “Apps. for electrochem. as well as thermochem. fusion are provided.
\nMaterial systems consisting of D storage intermetallic compd., transition
\nmetal\/rare earth metal intermetallic compd. and elemental material cathodes
\nare combined with compatible electrolytes including solid deuteride
\nelectrolytes, cryogenic electrolytes, and supercrit. D in electrochem. fusion
\napp. wherein a magnetic field may be provided to enhance fusion initiation in
\nthe cathodes. The invention enables the operation of these electrochem. and
\nthermochem. fusion apps. over a wide range of temps. and pressures which may
\nbe adjusted to optimise the efficiency of the solid state fusion reaction”.
\n(Direct quote from CA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nSaho N, Ogata H, Ishikawa Y, Mihara Y;
\nJpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02,276,991, 5-Apr-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115:59219 (1991).
\n“Apparatus for nuclear fusion at room temperature”.
\n** “The app. which comprises a heavy-H2O container, electrodes placed in the
\ncontainer, and an elec. power source, is characterized in that: (1) a coolant
\nfills the cathode interior; and (2) the coolant-circulation system includes
\nmeans to condense the coolant vapor, and to ext. power. The b.p. of the
\ncoolant may be set lower that that of heavy H2O”. (Quoted from CA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nScaramuzzi F, De Ninno A; Podda S, Frattolillo A, Lollobattista G, Martone M,
\nMori L, Martinis L; Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 0 394 204, 11-Apr-90.
\n“A system for producing neutrons and heat by nuclear fusion in a gas absorbed
\non a metal”.
\n** A system, and “an equipment” for pressurised gas-phase deuterising of
\nmetals, and temperature cycling, so as to produce cold fusion. Some neutron
\nemission results are shown.
\n——————————————————————————
\nSchoessow GJ; PCT Int. Appl. WO 91 02,360, 30-Jun-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 114:2554497 (1991).
\n“Electrochemical nuclear process and apparatus for producing tritium, heat,
\nand radiation”.
\n** “A process for the prepn. and recovery of T, heat energy, and radiation
\nenergy by electrolysis of a liq. medium contg. D2O in an electrolytic cell
\nhaving a cathode of Pd, or certain other elements by operating the process at
\nca. 10-300 degC and an app. for this process are described the cathode
\ncomprises a central solid geometrical mass and the anode is an open top
\ncup-shaped vessel positioned adjacently below and encircling the cathode.
\n(Quoted from CA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nShaffer G; PCT Int. Appl. WO 91 01,037, 13-Jul-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 114:2554492 (1991).
\n“Chemo-nuclear fusion methods”.
\n** “A method of causing D mols. to combine to become He atoms in the presence
\nof a Pd catalyst comprises providing a reactor chamber contg. D2O and a Pd
\ncatalyst, introducing controlled amts. of D into the chamber so that the D
\nmols. are absorbed by the Pd catalyst where the Pd catalyst executes a
\nsimultaneous shift of 2 electrons, leaving 2 stripped D nuclei trapped in
\nsingle Pd clathrate cages. The juxtaposed D nuclei in a single cage and having
\nthe effect of the absorption energy exerting tremendous compressive forces
\ncollapse to form an alpha-particle and release relativistic energy as
\ngamma-ray or kinetically as heat. Finally, the evolved heat is transferred to
\nperform useful work”. (Quoted from CA)
\n——————————————————————————
\nSteinert C; Ger. Offenb. DE 3,923,468, 15-Jul-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115(14):146547 (1991).
\n“Fusion reactor”.
\n** “A nuclear fusion reactor concept based on cold fusion is described. The
\nreactor comprises a series of fusion chambers sepd. by expansion chambers.
\nElectrodes serve as hydrodynamic seals for the entrance and outlet of
\nelectrolytes from the fusion chambers. The fusion chambers also connected to
\neach other, e.g. by capillary tubes. The expansion rooms have
\npressure-sensitive windows for irradn. with laser beams, surrounding the
\nfusion chambers is moderator”. (Direct quote from CA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nTakahashi A; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03 06,491, appl. 04-Jun-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstracts 115:37288 (1991).
\n“Nuclear fusion device”.
\n** “Ti or Pd adsorbed H, D or T is irradiated with electromagnetic wave, or
\nexposed to an elec. field or magnetic field to cause nuclear fusion. Thus, a
\ncyclindrical cathode composed of Au or Pt is covered with a light-transmitting
\ncover such as heat-resistant glass, and sealed with a heat-resistant bottom
\nplate. The anode consisting of Ti or Pd is placed in an environment mainly
\ncomposed of H, D or T. D.c. is applied to the electrodes. D2 evolved by the
\nelectrolysis is adsorbedinto the anode, and compacted among the elemental
\nlattices up to a level of 10**2, and when irradiated at the specific
\ncondition, causes nuclear fusion producing (3)He and n”.
\n(Quoted from CA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nTanaka M, Hattori S; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02,278,189, 19-Apr-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 114:255489 (1991).
\n“Power generator and heater based on cold nuclear fusion”.
\n** “A power generator based on cold nuclear fusion comprises: (1) a device for
\nelectrolysis of D2O; (2) a steam generator utilizing hot D2O; (3) a steam
\nturbine; (4) a steam condenser; (5) a pump to send H2O from the condenser to
\nthe steam generator; (6) a means to burn D with O; (7) A steam heater; and (8)
\na pump to send D2O from the steam generator and the steam heater to the
\nelectrolysis device. A heater based on cold nuclear fusion comprises: (1) a
\ndevice for electrolysis of D2O; (2) a 1st means to heat a fluid with hot D2O
\nor D2O steam from the electrolysis device; (3) a means to burn D with O; (4) a
\n2nd means to heat the fluid or a 2nd fluid requiring higher temp., with the
\nD2O steam from the combustion means; and (5) a pump to send D2O from the 1st
\nand 2nd heating means to the electrolysis device” (Quoted from CA)
\n——————————————————————————
\nTaniguchi N, Gamo K, Niikura J, Adachi K;
\nJpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03,107,791, 21-Sep-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115:289486 (1991).
\n“Apparatus for cold nuclear fusion”.
\n** “The app. includes a cathode to adsorb (in crystal lattices or on the
\nsurface) a H isotope(s), an anode from a metal, its oxide, or its hydroxide,
\nand an electrolyte contg. at least a H isotope. The electrodes are
\nfilm-shaped. Nuclear fusion is caused based on the electrolysis of the
\nelectrolyte.” (Direct quote from CA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nTokunaga H; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03 69,504, 04-Aug-89
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115(20):217011 (1991).
\n“Preliminary treatment of hydrogen holder”.
\n** “Before adsorbing D (for cold nuclear fusion), a H holder (e.g. Pd) is
\neither heated or placed in vacuum. The process can ext. H from the H holder,
\nand adsorb highly pure D”. (Direct quote from CA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nTosaka S; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03,33,687 13-Feb-91.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115:80703 (1991).
\n“Laminated electrode structure for cold fusion”.
\n** “The electrode consists of >= 1 Pd layer and >= 1 Pt layer via a continuous
\npore-having porous elec. insulating layer. The Pd layers may be connected with
\nouter electrode layers. The electrode had wide Pd area for high-efficiency
\ncold fusion”. (Direct quote from CA)
\n——————————————————————————
\nTsuda S, Nakamura N, Nakano S; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 02,302,693, 17-May-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115:59221 (1991).
\n“Apparatus for cold nuclear fusion using solid bodies”.
\n** “The app. comprises a solid body contg. a large amt. of D, and a means to
\nsupply excitation energy to the body. The solid body may be of C, Si, Ge, Sn
\nor Pb. The energy may be supplied by heating, elec.-field application,
\nelectromagnetic-wave application, and\/or supersound application”. (Quote from
\nCA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nVan Noorden PJ; Neth. Appl. NL 89 02,962, 01-Dec-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115(22):242244 (1991).
\n“Process and apparatus, and the use of the apparatus in electrolysis-nuclear
\nfusion”.
\n** “The process comprises the application of a magnetic field. The app.,
\ncomprising an electrolytic cell equipped with 2 electrodes, addnl. comprises
\nmeans for generating a magnetic field in the electrolytic cell. The use of the
\napp. comprises filling the cell with an electrolyte comprising LiD dissolved
\nin heavy water. The use of the magnetic field increases the rate at which the
\nalleged cold fusion occurs in the D-loaded Pd electrodes. The electrodes (Pt
\nanodes and Pd and Ti cathodes) are connected to one elec. source, and the
\nmeans for generating the magnetic field, i.e., a cooled, hollow coil, is
\nconnected to another elec. source, i.e. a battery”. (Direct quote from CA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nVan den Bogaert J; Belg. BE 1,002,781, 5-Jun-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 116:12357 (1992).
\n“Energy production by nuclear fusion”.
\n** “In this process, in which a fusible material is absorbed in the crystal
\nlattice of a H-absorbing material that has a neg. elec. polarity, the fusible
\nmaterial is, or is being, absorbed by a H-absorbing material in the form of
\nindividual particles having a neg. electrostatic charge, after which the
\npolarity of the particles is changed from neg. to pos. This process is esp.
\naimed at the controlled fusion of D, optionally mixed with T, in the crystal
\nlattice of the H-absorbing material, at high efficiency. The H-absorbing
\nmaterial is a metal or alloy consisting of, or contg., >=1 element selected
\nfrom, Pd, Ti, Zr, V, Th, Nb, Ta, Ni and Fe. A turbulent aerosol or suspension
\nof colloidal or cryst. particles (av. particle size 0.1-0.001 mu) in D is
\nsupplied in an upflow through a vertical quartz tube internally coated with an
\nelec. conductive coating or metal foil, e.g., Al or Cu, connected to the neg.
\nelectrode of a d.c. source. A cooled pos. charged plate (anode) is located
\nabove the tube, the polarity of the particles contg. the absorbed D is changed
\nupon contact with the anode, and the pos. ions, e.g. triton, formed by nuclear
\nfusion are then expelled from the Pd particles. The ions then flow downwards,
\nare neutralised at the cathode in the conical bottom of the reactor, and the
\nPd particles are then sepd. from the aerosol in, e.g., a hydrocyclone. The Pd
\nparticles may be elec. charged in an insulating oil, e.g. a silicone oil. The
\nheat generated by the fusion is removed by the heat transfer medium with which
\nthe anode is cooled”. (Direct quote from CA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nWada N; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03 160,395, 18-Nov-89
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115(20):217014 (1991).
\n“Cold nuclear fusion in solids, and apparatus therefor”.
\n** “The process includes: (a) evaluating a reaction chamber; (b) activating a
\nsolid body (e.g. Pd) which adsorbs a nuclear-fusion-causing gaseous material
\n(e.g. D); (c) supplying a predetd. amt. of the gaseous material; and (d)
\nallowing the body to adsorb the gaseous material close to satn. The surface of
\nthe solid body may be cleaned in short time by glow discharge. An app. for the
\nprocess includes means to take out heat caused by the nuclear fusion”.
\n(Direct quote from CA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nWada N; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03 160,396, 18-Nov-89
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115(20):217013 (1991).
\n“Cold nuclear fusion in solids”.
\n** “The process includes: (1) allowing a solid to adsorb a nuclear-fusion-
\n-causing material (as an eutectic element) to almost satn.; and (2) exciting
\nthe solid (by, e.g., elec. discharge) to cause sudden supersatn., which
\ncreates high local concn. of the material”. (Direct quote from CA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nWada N; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03 160,397, 18-Nov-89
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115(20):217012 (1991).
\n“Forming elements by cold nuclear fusion in solids”.
\n** “The process includes: (a) evacuating a reaction chamber; (b) activating a
\ngas-adsorbing body (e.g. Pd) in the vacuum chamber; (c) supplying a
\nnuclear-fusion-causing gaseous material into the chamber; (d) allowing the
\nbody to adsorb the gaseous material to satn.; (e) causing nuclear fusion by
\nthe material adsorbed in the body; and (f) recovering the fusion product”.
\n(Direct quote from CA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nWadsworth ME; Guruswamy S, Byrne JG, Li J;
\nCan. Pat. Appl. CA 2,023,216, 15-Aug-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115(10):100641 (1991).
\n“Method of preparing electrodes for use in heat-generating apparatus”.
\n** “An improved method of treating material for use in a heat-generating
\nmethod involving the absorption of H isotope into the material comprises
\ntreating the material to substantially remove impurities in the surface region
\nand then depositing a thin film of a substance capable of absorbing on the
\nsurface of the material. An optional addnl. treatment is to substantially
\nremove H already absorbed in the material, then heat the material in an atm.
\nof H isotope to percharge the material with the H isotope. A method of
\nproducing electrode and method of enhancing absorption are also claimed”.
\n(Direct quote from CA).
\n——————————————————————————
\nWatanabe M, Takahashi A, Sumita K; Eur. Pat. Appl. EP 0 394 980, 31-Oct-90.
\n“Cold nuclear fusion apparatus”.
\n** First, a metal must be used that can absorb deuterium to high
\nconcentrations; then, the deuterium’s harmonic oscillation energy in the metal
\nmust be raised, preferably “by discharge of deuterium gas, optical irradiation
\nor supersonic energy”. In another embodiment, a pair of parallel metal plates
\nare subjected to pulsed voltages to induce gas charge and discharge, so as to
\nenhance cold fusion.
\n——————————————————————————
\nYamaguchi E, Nishioka T; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03,20,696 19-Jun-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115:80700 (1991).
\n“Cold nuclear fusion”.
\n** “D ions are generated in vacuum (= 1 keV,
\nand projected at a fixed target contg. Pd, Ni, Ti, graphite and\/or B nitride
\nso that nuclear fusion of D is caused at = 98% pure D2 plus a little
\nH2 and He. There are further details of heat exchange for the heat produced,
\nprevention of overheating of the magnets etc.
\n——————————————————————————
\nYamazaki S; Eur. Pat. Appl. 0 393 463, 09.04.90
\n“Electrode for nuclear fusion and method for using the same”.
\n** This patent, as the previous patent of the same inventor (with others)
\ntries to provide reliable cold fusion. Here, instead of microwave resonance
\nwith magnetism, a high frequency electric field (“500 KHz to 500 MHz, for
\nexample 13.56 MHz”) produces the plasma, again beaming it at the Pd (or Ti)
\ntarget.
\n——————————————————————————
\nYamazaki S, Miyanaga A, Takemura Y; Eur. Pat. Appl. 0 393 464, 09.04.90
\n“Apparatus for plasma nuclear fusion”.
\n** This patent appears to this abstractor to concern the same invention as
\nPat. Appl. 0 393 461 of the same day, same inventors (+ one), but with a more
\ndetailed and more carefully expressed description.
\n——————————————————————————
\nYamazaki S, Miyanaga A, Takemura Y; Eur. Pat. Appl. 0 393 465, 09.04.90
\n“Method for producing plasma nuclear fusion”.
\n** This patent appears to this abstractor to concern the same invention as
\nPat. Appl. 0 393 463 of the same day, same inventors (-2), but with a more
\ndetailed and more carefully expressed description.
\n—————————————————————————
\nYamazaki S; Euro. Pat. Appl. EP 0 392 324, 3-Apr-1990.
\n“Electrochemical nuclear fusion method”.
\n** Yamazaki (working for the Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Japan)
\nstarts by summarising what is wrong with the way Jones+(89) carry out
\nelectrolytic cold fusion. The use of atmospheric pressure reduces the
\nprobability of cold fusion; the reaction tends to occur at a localised section
\nof the electrode from the rise in temperature at that point; poisoning of the
\ncathode leads to side reactions and product decomposition, and the deuterium
\nends up in the atmosphere, so the amount used for fusion is small; says Y.
\nThe invention describes a pressurised cell, with the evolved gases (which are
\nkept separate) providing the pressure. A heat exchanger removes the excess
\nheat, thus keeping the cell temperature down. The cathode is either Pd or Ti,
\nthe electrolyte being a mixture not unlike that of Jones+(89). Neutrons are
\nmeasured by a detector; nuclear fusion “is obviously accelerated when the
\nreaction at the cathode is implemented under high pressure”. Up to 200 atm
\ncan be used. The neutrons released can cause subsequent nuclear fusion by
\nbreeding, so there is some danger of an atomic explosion, which can be
\nprevented by controlling the extent of electrolysis. This is done by pulsing
\nthe current, to a level not exceeding the critical nuclear fusion value.
\nTwo example experiments showed that the neutron flux is proportional to the
\npressure, and can be controlled by the duty ratio of the pulsed current.
\nExcess heat was also observed.
\n——————————————————————————
\nYamazaki S; Euro. Pat. Appl. EP 0 392 325, 3-Apr-1990.
\n“Electrochemical nuclear fusion method”.
\n** This appears to be the same as EP 0 392 324, but phrased a little more
\nformally. Note that Chem. Abstracts has this under the name Shunpei, Yamazaki;
\nthis is probably because the inventor’s name is given as “Shunpei Yamazaki”
\nhere, as opposed to “Yamazaki, Shunpei” in the other patent application.
\n——————————————————————————
\nYoshimura S; Jpn. Kokai Tokkyo Koho JP 03 82991, 25-Aug-89.
\nCited in Chem. Abstr. 115(22): 242241 (1991).
\n“Energy converters based on electrochemical nuclear fusion”.
\n** “The app. contains an electrolytic cell comprising a cathode from an
\nalkali-metal-doped pi-electron-type compd., a noble-metal anode, heavy H2O,
\nand an electrolyte contg. a support material, where the cathode and anode are
\nimmersed in the electrolyte”. (Direct quote from CA).
\n——————————————————————————<\/p>\n
