{"id":13596,"date":"2023-03-21T02:07:23","date_gmt":"2023-03-21T01:07:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.graviton.at\/letterswaplibrary\/nicad-batteries-facts-and-fallacies-from-radio-communication-may-1988-posted-on-november-1992\/"},"modified":"2023-03-21T02:07:23","modified_gmt":"2023-03-21T01:07:23","slug":"nicad-batteries-facts-and-fallacies-from-radio-communication-may-1988-posted-on-november-1992","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.graviton.at\/letterswaplibrary\/nicad-batteries-facts-and-fallacies-from-radio-communication-may-1988-posted-on-november-1992\/","title":{"rendered":"NiCAD Batteries: Facts And Fallacies, From Radio Communication, May 1988 (Posted On November, 1992)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>From uwm.edu!spool.mu.edu!agate!stanford.edu!leland.Stanford.EDU!news Fri Nov 13 14:26:07 CST 1992<br \/>\nArticle: 8049 of comp.sys.laptops<br \/>\nNewsgroups: comp.sys.laptops<br \/>\nPath: uwm.edu!spool.mu.edu!agate!stanford.edu!leland.Stanford.EDU!news<br \/>\nFrom: avery@scruffy.neuroinformatik.ruhr-uni-bochum.de (Avery Wang)<br \/>\nSubject: Re: NiCad batteries again &#8212; useful hints<br \/>\nMessage-ID:<br \/>\nSender: news@leland.Stanford.EDU (Mr News)<br \/>\nOrganization: DSO, Stanford University<br \/>\nReferences:<br \/>\nDate: Fri, 13 Nov 92 09:24:39 GMT<br \/>\nLines: 111<\/p>\n<p>Here&#8217;s something I pulled off the net over 4 years ago &#8212; hope it&#8217;s useful!<br \/>\n-Avery<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<br \/>\n&#8221; NICAD BATTERIES &#8211; FACTS AND FALLACIES &#8221; Published on Radio Communication<br \/>\nMay 1988, TT.<\/p>\n<p>Richargable nickel cadmium batteries, have, with reasons, become a popular<br \/>\nsource of power for portable and handportable equipment. They can provide<br \/>\nreliable service over many years if due account is taken of their<br \/>\npeculiarities. Yet it remain true that many amateurs are failing to appreciate<br \/>\nnot only the full capabilities but also the limitations of nicad cells used in<br \/>\nbattery packs.<\/p>\n<p>J.Fielding,ZS5JF,in &#8220;Nickel cadmium batteries for amateur radio equipment&#8221;<br \/>\n(Radio ZS september 1987,pp4-5) provides a useful survey of the facts and<br \/>\nfoibles of nicads.The following extracts from his article attack some of the<br \/>\ncommon myths and also provide some safety hints.<\/p>\n<p>1) &#8220;Rapid charging causes a decline in cell capacity&#8221;.<br \/>\nNOT TRUE provided that the charge is always terminated at a safe point.<\/p>\n<p>2) &#8220;You should not charge only partially discharged cells as this causes a<br \/>\nloss in capacity.&#8221;<br \/>\nNOT TRUE. It is not necessary to discharge fully nicad batteries before<br \/>\ncharging. In fact, THE OPPOSITE is true. Repeated partial charging gives an<br \/>\nincrease in the number of charge\/discharge cycles compared with<br \/>\nfull-discharged cells.<\/p>\n<p>3) &#8220;White crystals growing on the tops of nicad cells mean that the seal is<br \/>\nfaulty and the cell should be scrapped.&#8221;<br \/>\nNOT TRUE. The electrolyte (potassium hydroxide) is extremely searching and can<br \/>\npenetrate the seals used in minute quantities. These crystals are potassium<br \/>\ncarbonate, which is harmless and can be removed with soap and water. The<br \/>\naction of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere reacts with the electrolyte to<br \/>\nform the crystals. After removing the crystals, it is recommended that a smear<br \/>\nof silicon grease is applied to slow down the growth of new crystals.  The<br \/>\namount of electrolyte lost in this way is insignificant.<\/p>\n<p>4) &#8221; I have a cell which appears to take a charge, but after the normal<br \/>\ncharging period the open circuit voltage is very low. I have been told I<br \/>\nshould throw it away.&#8221;<br \/>\nNOT TRUE. The reason the cell won&#8217;t take a charge is usually due to minute<br \/>\ncrystalline growth across the internal electrodes, caused by prolonged<br \/>\nstorage. A cure that nearly always works is to pass a very high current for<br \/>\nvery short time through the affected cell. This fuses the internal &#8220;whisker&#8221;.<br \/>\nDischarging a large electrolytic capacitor is one method of doing this. But<br \/>\nnote that in a battery the faulty cell MUST be isolated from the other cells<br \/>\nsince zapping the complete battery will not usually result in a cure. Charge<br \/>\nthe capacitor to about 30v and then discharge it through the faulty cell.<br \/>\nSeveral attemps may be required to clear a stubborn cell.<\/p>\n<p>5) &#8220;A battery contains a cell with reversed polarity. The only cure is to<br \/>\nreplace it&#8221;.<br \/>\nNOT TRUE. The reversed cell ca usually be corrected by a similar technique as<br \/>\nthat given for 4). After re-polarising the cell, the complete battery can be<br \/>\nrecharged in the normal way. Full capacity can be regained after about five<br \/>\ncycles.<\/p>\n<p>6) &#8220;A nicad battery should be stored only in a discharged state&#8221;.<br \/>\nNOT TRUE. It can be stored in any state of charge. Due to its inherent<br \/>\nself-discharging characteristics it will eventually become fully discharged<br \/>\nafter a sufficiently long period of storage. To recharge the battery before<br \/>\nreturning it to service, a &#8220;conditioning&#8221; charge of 20h at the normal charging<br \/>\nrate is recommended. Afterwards charge normally; full capacity can again be<br \/>\nexpected after about five cycles.<\/p>\n<p>7) &#8220;It is not advisable to keep a nicad battery on permanent trickle charge as<br \/>\nthis causes permanent degradation of the cells&#8221;.<br \/>\nNOT TRUE. So long as the trickle charge current is adjusted correctly, the<br \/>\ncharge can continue indefinitely without loss in cell capacity. The safe<br \/>\ncurrent can usually be obtained from the manufacturer&#8217;s data, but 0.025C is a<br \/>\nreasonable guide (ie. about 100mA for a 4Ah cell and PRO-RATA). This enables<br \/>\nthe battery to remain fully charged.<\/p>\n<p>ZS5JF also lists seven safety points that should be considered by users:<\/p>\n<p>1) DO NOT short circuit a fully-charged battery. This if prolonged, can cause<br \/>\nexcessive gas production with the danger of possible rupturing of the sealed<br \/>\ncase.<\/p>\n<p>2) Nicads contain a caustic electrolyte: this is perfectly safe as long as<br \/>\ncommon sense is used in use and handling of the cells.<\/p>\n<p>3) A nicad can supply a very high current for a short period (a 4Ah cell can<br \/>\nsupply over 500A for a few seconds). Sufficient thought should be given when<br \/>\nselecting a fuse between the battery and the equipment. The connecting wire<br \/>\nshould be capable of passing enough current to ensure the fuse blows quickly<br \/>\nin the event of a short circuit.<\/p>\n<p>4) DO NOT use partially-discharged cells with fully-charged ones to assemble a<br \/>\nbattery. Assemble the battery with all the cells discharged and then charge<br \/>\nthem as a battery.<\/p>\n<p>5) DO NOT carry a fully- or partially-charged battery on an aircraft without<br \/>\ntaking proper safety precautions. A short-circuited battery pack ca be a time<br \/>\nbomb in such situations. Consult the relevant IATA regulations or ask at the<br \/>\nairline check-in.<\/p>\n<p>6) DO NOT subject battery packs to very high or low temperatures. Never<br \/>\ndispose of a battery pack in a fire or throw it out with domestic waste.<br \/>\nIf it cannot be disposed of properly it is probably best to bury it in the<br \/>\ngarden in a safe spot.<\/p>\n<p>7) DO NOT discharge battery packs below about 1V per cell, otherwise there is<br \/>\na possibility of cell reversal.<\/p>\n<p>ZS5JF provides a good deal of other information on charging nicad batteries,<br \/>\nand gives as a reference a Varta publication of 1982 &#8220;Sealed Nickel Cadmium<br \/>\nBatteries&#8221; from which some of his notes may have been derived. (G3VA)<\/p>\n<p>                      &#8212;-=====***=====&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p>From uwm.edu!wupost!decwrl!csus.edu!netcomsv!mork!brunette Mon Aug 10 23:18:11 CDT 1992<br \/>\nArticle: 9997 of rec.models.rc<br \/>\nXref: uwm.edu rec.models.rc:9997 sci.electronics:38540<br \/>\nNewsgroups: rec.models.rc,sci.electronics<br \/>\nPath: uwm.edu!wupost!decwrl!csus.edu!netcomsv!mork!brunette<br \/>\nFrom: brunette@netcom.com (Hal Brunette)<br \/>\nSubject: Re: How to dispose of NiCads?<br \/>\nMessage-ID:<br \/>\nDate: Tue, 28 Jul 92 20:10:45 GMT<br \/>\nOrganization: Netcom &#8211; Online Communication Services  (408 241-9760 guest)<br \/>\nReferences:<br \/>\nLines: 88<\/p>\n<p>&gt;|&gt; D.C. Myers, &#8220;Zap New Life into Dead Ni-Cd Batteries,&#8221; Popular Electronics,<br \/>\n&gt;|&gt; July 1977, pp. 60-61.<br \/>\n&gt;|&gt;<br \/>\n&gt;|&gt; The article explains internal shorts and how to clear them.<\/p>\n<p>&gt;If it`s possible, try to rewrite the article in a message here in rec.models.<br \/>\n&gt;rc and sci.electronics.<br \/>\n&gt;<br \/>\n&gt;I`m sure many readers here has many NiCd cells they want to restore. <\/p>\n<p>The failures the article talks about occur in mutli-cell Ni-Cd battery packs,<br \/>\nand are due to the voltage differences between cells.  Say you have four 1.25 V<br \/>\ncells in a pack connected to a 200 ohm load.  The load &#8220;sees&#8221; 5 volts and draws<br \/>\n25 mA.  Since each cell must pass the entire 25 mA and each cell&#8217;s potential is<br \/>\n1.25 volts, Ohm&#8217;s Law tells us that each cell sees the equivalent load of 50<br \/>\nohms.<\/p>\n<p>But in practice, no four cells in a battery ever exhibit exactly the same output<br \/>\nvoltage.  Assume that one cell is delivering only 1.2 V, and the others are at<br \/>\n1.25 volts.   Now, the 200 ohm load sees 4.95 volts and draws 24.75 mA.  Since<br \/>\nall four cells must pass the entire 24.75 mA, each of the strong cells at 1.25<br \/>\nvolts sees an equivalent load of 50.5 ohms; the weak cell sees only 48.5 ohms.<br \/>\nThe weak cell works into the heaviest load and as a result will discharge more<br \/>\nrapidly than the other cells.  If the pack is charged for only a short period<br \/>\nof time, the weak cell, which has been working the hardest, is also the one<br \/>\nthat receives the least charging power.<\/p>\n<p>This usually doesn&#8217;t matter if you trickle charge after each day of flying.<br \/>\nThe inequality is small for any given charge or discharge cycle, due to the<br \/>\nrelatively flat output voltage NiCd cells exhibit over most of their range.<br \/>\nBut a combination of incomplete charges and deep discharges will exaggerate<br \/>\nthe energy difference between a weak cell and the other cells.  Operated<br \/>\ncontinually in this manner, the weak cell invariably reaches its &#8220;knee,&#8221; the<br \/>\npoint at which its voltage decreases sharply, long before the other cells<br \/>\nreach the same point.<\/p>\n<p>Now comes the problem!  Suddenly, the weakest cell sees an increasingly heavy<br \/>\nload, which causes its voltage to drop even faster.  This avalanche continues<br \/>\nuntil the cell is completely discharged, even as the other cells continue to<br \/>\nforce current to flow.  The inevitable result is that the weak cell begins to<br \/>\ncharge in reverse, which eventually causes an internal short.  Once an<br \/>\ninternal short develops, recharging the cell at the normal rate is<br \/>\nfutile.  The short simply bypasses current around the cells active materials.<br \/>\n(Even though the cell is apparently dead, most of its plate material is still<br \/>\nintact.)  If the small amount of material that forms the short could be removed,<br \/>\nthe cell would be restored to virtually its original capacity once again.<\/p>\n<p>            300 ohm              Charge<br \/>\n               5W             \/  Switch<br \/>\n20-40 + O&#8212;\/\/\/&#8212;-o&#8212;&#8212;o  o&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;o&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-o<br \/>\nVDC                   |                      |                         |<br \/>\n                      |      Zap             |                         |<br \/>\n                      |      Switch          |                        +|<br \/>\n                      |      ___|___         |                    &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8211;<br \/>\n                      o&#8212;&#8212;o     o&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;o                       &#8212;&#8211;<br \/>\n                      |                      | +             Shorted   |<br \/>\n      6000 micro-     | +                 &#8212;&#8212;-             Cell     |<br \/>\n      Farad, 40V  _________               |     |                      |<br \/>\n      Capacitor   &#8212;&#8212;&#8212;               |_____| Volt                 |<br \/>\n                      |                      |    meter                |<br \/>\n                      |                      |                         |<br \/>\n      &#8211; O&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-o&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-o&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-o<\/p>\n<p>Using the circuit shown, the internal short can be burned away in a few seconds.<br \/>\nIn operation, energy stored in the capacitor is rapidly discharged through the<br \/>\ndead cell to produce the high current necessary to clear the short. Current is<br \/>\nthen limited by the resistor to a safe charge rate for a small A cell.<\/p>\n<p>Several applications of discharge current are usually necessary to clear a cell.<br \/>\nDuring the &#8220;zapping&#8221; process, it is a good idea to connect a voltmeter across<br \/>\nthe cell to monitor results.  Momentarily close the normally open pushbutton<br \/>\nswitch several times to successively zap the cell, allowing sufficient time<br \/>\nfor the capacitor to charge up between zaps, until the voltage begins to rise.<br \/>\nThen, with the toggle switch closed, watch as the potential across the cell<br \/>\nclimbs to 1.25 volts.  If the potential stops before full voltage is reached,<br \/>\nsome residual short remains and another series of zaps is in order.  If you<br \/>\nobserve no effect whatsoever after several zaps and shorting out the cell and<br \/>\ntaking an ohmmeter measurement indicates a dead short, the cell is beyond<br \/>\nredemption and should be replaced.<\/p>\n<p>Once full cell potential is achieved, remove the charging current and monitor<br \/>\nbattery voltage.  If the cell retains its charge, it can be returned to charge<br \/>\nand eventually returned to service.  But if the cell slowly discharges with no<br \/>\nappreciable load, the residual slight short should be cleared.  To do this,<br \/>\nshort circuit the cell for a few minutes to discharge it, zap again, and<br \/>\nrecharge it to full capacity.<\/p>\n<p>Good luck.<\/p>\n<p>From uwm.edu!cs.utexas.edu!sun-barr!olivea!uunet!infonode!ingr!b11!naomi!lester Mon Aug 10 23:19:34 CDT 1992<br \/>\nArticle: 10011 of rec.models.rc<br \/>\nXref: uwm.edu rec.models.rc:10011 sci.electronics:38596<br \/>\nPath: uwm.edu!cs.utexas.edu!sun-barr!olivea!uunet!infonode!ingr!b11!naomi!lester<br \/>\nFrom: lester@naomi.NoSubdomain.NoDomain (Les Bartel)<br \/>\nNewsgroups: rec.models.rc,sci.electronics<br \/>\nSubject: Re: How to dispose of NiCads?<br \/>\nMessage-ID:<br \/>\nDate: 29 Jul 92 12:42:24 GMT<br \/>\nReferences:<br \/>\nSender: usenet@b11.b11.ingr.com (Usenet Network)<br \/>\nReply-To: lester@naomi.b23b.ingr.com<br \/>\nOrganization: Dazix, An Intergraph Company<br \/>\nLines: 56<\/p>\n<p>In article , waeber@ufps9.unifr.ch (Bernard Waeber SIUF) writes:<br \/>\n|&gt; In article , brunette@netcom.com (Hal Brunette) writes:<\/p>\n<p>[Text of &#8216;zapper&#8217; deleted]<\/p>\n<p>|&gt; Please correct me if i get this wrong, i guess the above circuit requires<br \/>\n|&gt; to remove the dead cell from the multi-cell pack, right ?<\/p>\n<p>Maybe not, see below.<\/p>\n<p>|&gt;<br \/>\n|&gt; Which means, one has to take the Ni-Cd pack appart, and get the dead cell out.<br \/>\n|&gt; The cells are usually connected with a point welded metal plate, which requires<br \/>\n|&gt; you to rip the metal plate off the cell.<br \/>\n|&gt; Now, once you fixed your shorted cell ( you hope ),with the above circuit ,you will have to<br \/>\n|&gt; solder the cell back in place, which isn&#8217;t that abvious, if you apply to much<br \/>\n|&gt; heat when soldering you may damage the cell, if you don&#8217;t apply enough heat you get<br \/>\n|&gt; a cold solder spot, in which case it may brake loose, due to vibrations.<br \/>\n|&gt;<br \/>\n|&gt; The point is : You better know what you&#8217;re doing, when trying to recover a<br \/>\n|&gt; \t       dead Ni-Cd cell.<\/p>\n<p>Absolutely.<\/p>\n<p>|&gt;<br \/>\n|&gt; \t       Guess your plane or heli is worth more, opposed to the 20 bucks<br \/>\n|&gt; \t       for a new Ni-Cd pack.<br \/>\n|&gt;<br \/>\n|&gt; So, if you aren&#8217;t too confident of fixing your Ni-Cd pack, return them to the place<br \/>\n|&gt; where you bourght them.<br \/>\n|&gt;<br \/>\n|&gt; &#8212;<br \/>\n|&gt; ben<\/p>\n<p>You don&#8217;t have to remove the cell from the pack (unless it is in parallel<br \/>\nwith another cell).  Just clip the zapper leads to the terminals of the<br \/>\ncell.  In fact, it seems to me that it may even work without isolating<br \/>\nthe cell if there is a cell in parallel.  The shorted cell should take<br \/>\nmost of the current, and the non-shorted cell some current as well.<\/p>\n<p>\t Bad cell<br \/>\n\t     |<br \/>\n\t     v<br \/>\n   ___      ___      ___<br \/>\n&#8211;|___|&#8212;-|___|&#8212;-|___|&#8211;<br \/>\n         |       |<br \/>\n         |       |<br \/>\n         |       |<br \/>\n         |       |<br \/>\n\tzapper leads<\/p>\n<p> &#8211; Les<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<br \/>\nLes Bartel\t\t\tlester@naomi.b23b.ingr.com<br \/>\nDazix, An Intergraph Company\tuunet!ingr!b23b!naomi!lester<\/p>\n<p>From uwm.edu!wupost!cs.utexas.edu!sun-barr!ames!data.nas.nasa.gov!splatter.nas.nasa.gov!bross Mon Nov 16 22:36:07 CST 1992<br \/>\nArticle: 8084 of comp.sys.laptops<br \/>\nNewsgroups: comp.sys.laptops<br \/>\nPath: uwm.edu!wupost!cs.utexas.edu!sun-barr!ames!data.nas.nasa.gov!splatter.nas.nasa.gov!bross<br \/>\nFrom: bross@splatter.nas.nasa.gov (Wilson S. Ross)<br \/>\nSubject: Re: NiCad batteries again<br \/>\nKeywords: Storage, interrupted charging<br \/>\nReferences:<br \/>\nSender: news@nas.nasa.gov (News Administrator)<br \/>\nOrganization: NAS Program, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA<br \/>\nDate: Tue, 17 Nov 92 03:55:52 GMT<br \/>\nMessage-ID:<br \/>\nLines: 9<\/p>\n<p>My Toshiba battery was force-charged by a friend who has some sort<br \/>\nof generic charging equipment. It had reached a point where the machine<br \/>\nwould not operate at all with the battery &#8211; even plugged in. Now it has<br \/>\nremained plugged &amp; working for months, i.e, I have overcome the problem<br \/>\nof always shuffling batteries for home use. My other battery (still<br \/>\ngood, I hope) sits on the shelf for when I travel. The &#8216;dead&#8217; battery<br \/>\nisn&#8217;t good without the power supply.<\/p>\n<p>Bill Ross<\/p>\n<p>From uwm.edu!cs.utexas.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!darwin.sura.net!uvaarpa!murdoch!holmes.acc.Virginia.EDU!lch3e Sun Nov 22 15:10:20 CST 1992<br \/>\nArticle: 8155 of comp.sys.laptops<br \/>\nNewsgroups: rec.video,rec.video.releases,comp.sys.laptops<br \/>\nPath: uwm.edu!cs.utexas.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!darwin.sura.net!uvaarpa!murdoch!holmes.acc.Virginia.EDU!lch3e<br \/>\nFrom: lch3e@holmes.acc.Virginia.EDU (Lauren C. Howard)<br \/>\nSubject: An easy fix for nicads that REALLY works!<br \/>\nMessage-ID:<br \/>\nOriginator: lch3e@holmes.acc.Virginia.EDU<br \/>\nSender: usenet@murdoch.acc.Virginia.EDU<br \/>\nOrganization: University of Virginia<br \/>\nDate: Sun, 22 Nov 1992 14:38:20 GMT<br \/>\nLines: 47<br \/>\nXref: uwm.edu rec.video:41091 rec.video.releases:3862 comp.sys.laptops:8155<\/p>\n<p>Easy FIX for NICADS that REALLY works!<\/p>\n<p>It&#8217;s simple, it&#8217;s easy, and it really works well!<\/p>\n<p>First reinforce the battery pack (if in one) with clear cellophane tape.<\/p>\n<p>Then drop the battery,  onto it&#8217;s side,  on the floor from about 6<\/p>\n<p>ft. up. You  want it to be a really HARD drop:  but don&#8217;t break the<\/p>\n<p>battery.  Do this seven  or more times for each battery.<\/p>\n<p>If it&#8217;s in a pack, drop the pack so each battery hits the floor seven<\/p>\n<p>times.<\/p>\n<p>I know this seems crazy,  but it DOES work,  and well.  If it doesn&#8217;t<\/p>\n<p>work the  first time,  try again; harder!  You have nothing to lose,<\/p>\n<p>since you&#8217;d have to  replace the battery anyway.<\/p>\n<p>An example:  the batteries in my portable printer are 8 years old.  <\/p>\n<p>They were  at  the  point where even after 24 hours charge,  and still<\/p>\n<p>plugged  into  the  charger,  the printer wouldn&#8217;t operate.  After<\/p>\n<p>dropping, I now get three weeks  of printing from one charge.<\/p>\n<p>So far,  it&#8217;s never failed.   What have you got to lose?  Post your<\/p>\n<p>results so  others can benefit, and spread the word!<\/p>\n<p>From uwm.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!darwin.sura.net!gatech!destroyer!news.iastate.edu!sknapp Sat Nov 28 14:31:51 CST 1992<br \/>\nArticle: 8219 of comp.sys.laptops<br \/>\nNewsgroups: comp.sys.laptops<br \/>\nPath: uwm.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!darwin.sura.net!gatech!destroyer!news.iastate.edu!sknapp<br \/>\nFrom: sknapp@iastate.edu (Steven M. Knapp)<br \/>\nSubject: Re: T1000SE battery replacement (INSTRUCTIONS!)<br \/>\nMessage-ID:<br \/>\nSender: news@news.iastate.edu (USENET News System)<br \/>\nOrganization: Iowa State University, Ames, IA<br \/>\nReferences:<br \/>\nDate: Sat, 28 Nov 1992 08:37:36 GMT<br \/>\nLines: 76<\/p>\n<p>In article  ma90fau@imath1.ucsd.edu (ma90fau) writes:<br \/>\n&gt;Sorry if this has been discussed before.  On the recent thread,<br \/>\n&gt;people has been talking about the Radio Shack&#8217;s replacement nicad<br \/>\n&gt;cell.  For people who has done the replacement for T1000SE, can you<br \/>\n&gt;give me the detail instructions(what type of cell to use?..etc) to<br \/>\n&gt;revitalize my old battery?  &#8230;. just trying to find a cheap method<br \/>\n&gt;to power my cheap notebook&#8230;<br \/>\n&gt;Thanks!<\/p>\n<p>Read me now, or save me for later. (in that imfamous Hans `n&#8217; Frans tone) \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>Ok, so you have a T1000SE, and you have found how it does not work if you do<br \/>\nnot have a good battery on the back. You called Toshiba, and suddenly felt<br \/>\nwoozy. Aftermarket? Shure! $60 for the T1200XE pack (extended life, the only<br \/>\nway to go), but there still has to be a better way, the &#8220;college student<br \/>\nmethod&#8221;!<\/p>\n<p>You call a battery store, and discover that the pack is &#8216;sealed&#8217; and can not<br \/>\nbe rebuilt. Then again, you never did listen to the &#8216;no user serviceable parts<br \/>\ninside&#8217; lables. <\/p>\n<p>The plan? Open it, replace the cells, and close it up.<\/p>\n<p>Opening:<\/p>\n<p>\tIt is sealed, ultrasound welded actually. All you need to do is break<br \/>\nthis thin joint. Take the pack off of the computer (back up that hardRAM!) and<br \/>\nplace it so that the metal contact squares are faceing you and up. The part<br \/>\nfaceing up, or the bottom of the pack, was physically seprate from the rest of<br \/>\nthe shell. Note that all 4 metal contact squares are attached to this piece.<br \/>\nNow get 2 THIN screwdrivers or knives(jewlers screwdrivers work GREAT). Pick a<br \/>\npoint that is faceing you (so it will not show when the battery is<br \/>\nreinstalled) and push a screwdriver in the small crack\/seam between the two<br \/>\npieces. Continue to CAREFULLY pry apart the rest of the seam, and remember,<br \/>\nthe contact squares are comming all together. After having it all opened, make<br \/>\nshure to keep the latch and spring (trust me!).<\/p>\n<p>Replacement:<\/p>\n<p>\tCall you local battery distrubitor, or Mr. Nicad, or TNR-The battery<br \/>\nstore (#&#8217;s should be in the 1-800 directory), tell them you got it open. Give<br \/>\nthem the measurements of one of the cells. I believe they are 4\/3A 1700mah,<br \/>\nand should be about $5 a shot. Mr NiCad does know them as T1000SE cells last I<br \/>\nchecked. Get 6 of them. Looking at the old pack, replicate it using the new<br \/>\ncells, wire, tape, whatever! DO NOT FORGET THE TEMPRATURE SENSOR! The little<br \/>\nblack thing attached to one of the cells in the original pack is VERY<br \/>\nimportant! After haveing everything hooked up, you are just about done.<\/p>\n<p>Close it up:<\/p>\n<p>\tCheck that the contact squares do have voltage around what you would<br \/>\nexpect (5-7.2V). Reassemble the case, and hold it shut however you see fit.<br \/>\nSince I use only one pack, having it on the computer holds it together, and<br \/>\nmakes it easy to show others my hack. If you have 2 or more, scotch tape<br \/>\nshould help, or even super-glue. But be warned, you might want to open the<br \/>\npack again some time, and super-glue will make that VERY difficult.<\/p>\n<p>There ya go! Good luck!<br \/>\nAny questions to sknapp@iastate.edu<br \/>\nFlames or insults to \/dev\/null!<\/p>\n<p>I hereby declare this to be advice, use at own risk! I am not responsible for<br \/>\nyour actions!<br \/>\n________________________________________________________________________<br \/>\nSteven M. Knapp\t\t                    Computer Engineering Student<br \/>\nsknapp@iastate.edu\t            President Cyclone Amateur Radio Club<br \/>\nIowa State University; Ames, IA; USA      Durham Center Operations Staff<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<br \/>\n________________________________________________________________________<br \/>\nSteven M. Knapp\t\t                    Computer Engineering Student<br \/>\nsknapp@iastate.edu\t            President Cyclone Amateur Radio Club<br \/>\nIowa State University; Ames, IA           Durham Center Operations Staff<\/p>\n<p>From uwm.edu!cs.utexas.edu!uunet!noc.near.net!news.bbn.com!news.bbn.com!wbe Wed Dec 16 12:28:08 CST 1992<br \/>\nArticle: 8462 of comp.sys.laptops<br \/>\nPath: uwm.edu!cs.utexas.edu!uunet!noc.near.net!news.bbn.com!news.bbn.com!wbe<br \/>\nFrom: wbe@bbn.com (Winston Edmond)<br \/>\nNewsgroups: comp.sys.laptops<br \/>\nSubject: Very dead T1000SE battery revived<br \/>\nDate: 16 Dec 92 03:01:31<br \/>\nOrganization: Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Cambridge, MA<br \/>\nLines: 87<br \/>\nDistribution: world<br \/>\nMessage-ID:<br \/>\nNNTP-Posting-Host: crystal.bbn.com<\/p>\n<p>   Thanks to suggestions from this newsgroup, and after some experimenting, I<br \/>\nseem to have managed to revive a completely dead T1000SE battery pack.  The<br \/>\nmessage rambles a bit so that others that have experienced the same problem<br \/>\nmay compare the solution I found with others that have been discussed in this<br \/>\nnewsgroup.<\/p>\n<p>Completely dead battery = 0V output, 0 Ohms resistance, regardless of how<br \/>\n\tlong it was &#8220;charged&#8221; on a T1000SE.<\/p>\n<p>Current state = 7.2V output, and it just powered my T1000SE for 75 minutes<br \/>\n\tfrom full charge (green light) to first low charge beep, while<br \/>\n\trunning the screen at medium brightness and using the 2400 bps modem.<\/p>\n<p>Yes, 75 minutes isn&#8217;t as good as new, but this is the first full<br \/>\ncharge\/discharge cycle after revival, so I don&#8217;t yet know if it will get<br \/>\nbetter with proper use, or get worse again.<\/p>\n<p>BACKGROUND (how I got into this mess and what didn&#8217;t work):<\/p>\n<p>   My problem started when the battery pack began running out of power much<br \/>\nsooner than it &#8220;should have&#8221;.  I tried deep discharging, dropping the battery<br \/>\npack from a moderately high distance (and other forms of physical bashing<br \/>\nthat some people thought might help), and various other tricks over the<br \/>\ncourse of time.  At first, these seemed to help slightly, but the<br \/>\nimprovements were only temporary.<\/p>\n<p>   Eventually, while using an auto light bulb to discharge the battery pack,<br \/>\nI forgot the advice to not go below 1 Volt and let the pack discharge<br \/>\ncompletely.  After trying to recharge it, I could get the green light to come<br \/>\non, but the system would INSTANTLY shut down if the wall-plug power unit was<br \/>\nunplugged.  A Voltmeter showed that the battery was only putting out 4.8V.<br \/>\n(NOTE: the green light doesn&#8217;t mean the battery pack is fully charged &#8212; it<br \/>\nmeans the battery pack isn&#8217;t likely to accept any more charge, and that only<br \/>\nmeans &#8220;fully charged&#8221; if all the cells are working.)<\/p>\n<p>   Continued attempts to revive the battery pack eventually left me with a<br \/>\nbattery pack in which all cells were &#8220;dead&#8221; (in &#8220;cell reversal&#8221; mode, I<br \/>\nthink, but I don&#8217;t understand NiCads well enough to be sure) &#8212; 0V, 0 Ohms<br \/>\nresistance, immune to all the simple attempts I tried to charge it.<\/p>\n<p>WHAT DID WORK:<\/p>\n<p>   Someone on this newsgroup suggested using a large electrolytic capacitor<br \/>\ncharged to 8V and discharged through a completely discharged battery pack.  I<br \/>\ndidn&#8217;t have a big enough electrolytic capacitor to do the job, so I tried two<br \/>\nalternatives: (1) another battery pack, and (2) an industrial power supply<br \/>\ncapable of supplying 10 Volts at 10 Amps.<\/p>\n<p>   Partial success was obtained by connecting a working, fully charged<br \/>\nbattery pack&#8217;s + to the now-completely-dead battery pack&#8217;s +, and &#8211; to -,<br \/>\nwith just wires, for a few seconds.  This produces a modestly bright spark.<br \/>\nUsing a second battery pack was good enough to revive 4 of the 6 NiCad cells<br \/>\nin the pack, but wasn&#8217;t enough to bring back the last two.  It might have<br \/>\nbeen enough if I&#8217;d put some regular batteries in series (and in parallel) to<br \/>\nget the voltage and current capacity up a bit.<\/p>\n<p>   The first industrial power supply I tried could only provide up to 5A at<br \/>\nup to 10V.  This wasn&#8217;t enough.<\/p>\n<p>   The second power supply I tried could supply 10A at up to 20V, and 10A at<br \/>\njust 10-12V was enough.  The power supply was a high grade unit with<br \/>\nadjustable current and voltage limits.  I connected + to +, &#8211; to -, and let<br \/>\n10A at 12V flow through the battery for a few seconds.  That brought the<br \/>\nbattery pack back up to a full 7.2V!  The rest of the charging I did on the<br \/>\nT1000SE, because I think feeding 120W into a few NiCad batteries for more<br \/>\nthan a few seconds at a time is unwise.  \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n<p>DISCLAIMER:<br \/>\n   This message provides history and opinions, not advice.  If you elect to<br \/>\n   try to duplicate this success, you do so at your own risk.  I did find<br \/>\n   that a Voltmeter for measuring the battery pack voltage (which was always<br \/>\n   N * 1.2V) was indispensible.<\/p>\n<p>COMMENTS ON OTHER SOLUTIONS (given what worked for me):<br \/>\n* The big electrolytic capacitor method probably would work, though it might<br \/>\n    take several &#8220;zaps&#8221;.<br \/>\n* Using a 12V car battery probably also works, but is overkill and looks to<br \/>\n    be much more dangerous since the current isn&#8217;t limited and it probably<br \/>\n    causes sparks.  (The bench supply I used caused no sparks when I touched<br \/>\n    the probes to the battery pack, even though it instantly went between 0A<br \/>\n    and 10A output.)<br \/>\n* Connecting up a set of 7 1.5V dry cells (or 9 1.2V NiCad cells) in series<br \/>\n    to get 10+V, probably with N &gt;= 2 sets in parallel to get sufficient<br \/>\n    amperage, should also be able to do the job.  I don&#8217;t know of anyone<br \/>\n    that&#8217;s tried this, though.<br \/>\n -WBE<\/p>\n<p>From uwm.edu!cs.utexas.edu!uunet!mcsun!sun4nl!echelon!kees Wed Dec 16 14:55:59 CST 1992<br \/>\nArticle: 8465 of comp.sys.laptops<br \/>\nNewsgroups: comp.sys.laptops<br \/>\nPath: uwm.edu!cs.utexas.edu!uunet!mcsun!sun4nl!echelon!kees<br \/>\nFrom: kees@echelon.uucp (Kees Hendrikse)<br \/>\nSubject: Re: Very dead T1000SE battery revived<br \/>\nOrganization: Echelon Consultancy, Enschede, The Netherlands<br \/>\nDate: Wed, 16 Dec 1992 13:44:06 GMT<br \/>\nMessage-ID:<br \/>\nReferences:<br \/>\nLines: 22<\/p>\n<p>In  wbe@bbn.com (Winston Edmond) writes:<\/p>\n<p>&gt;    Thanks to suggestions from this newsgroup, and after some experimenting, I<br \/>\n&gt; seem to have managed to revive a completely dead T1000SE battery pack.  <\/p>\n<p>After writing how he did manage to revive the NiCad, Winston Edmond suggest<br \/>\nother ways to do it, including:<\/p>\n<p>&gt; * Using a 12V car battery probably also works, but is overkill and looks to<br \/>\n&gt;     be much more dangerous since the current isn&#8217;t limited and it probably<br \/>\n&gt;     causes sparks.  <\/p>\n<p>Never ever try this suggestion, as a car battery (especially a healthy one)<br \/>\nis capable of delivering 70-80 Amps through the NiCad, which might cause<br \/>\nthe NiCad to explode. Always use a device with controlled current. If you<br \/>\ncan&#8217;t revive the NiCad with about 10 Amps, throw it away, it&#8217;s really dead.<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<br \/>\nKees Hendrikse                                | email: kees@echelon.uucp<br \/>\n                                              |<br \/>\nECHELON consultancy and software development  | phone: +31 (0)53 836 585<br \/>\nPO Box 545, 7500AM Enschede, The Netherlands  | fax:   +31 (0)53 337 415<\/p>\n<p>From uwm.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!uunet.ca!synapse!peter.latocki Fri Dec 25 17:33:02 CST 1992<br \/>\nArticle: 8578 of comp.sys.laptops<br \/>\nPath: uwm.edu!zaphod.mps.ohio-state.edu!uunet.ca!synapse!peter.latocki<br \/>\nFrom: peter.latocki@synapse.org (Peter Latocki)<br \/>\nNewsgroups: comp.sys.laptops<br \/>\nSubject: Battert for Old T1000<br \/>\nMessage-ID:<br \/>\nDate: 25 Dec 92 08:53:00 GMT<br \/>\nDistribution: world<br \/>\nOrganization: SYNAPSE BBS &#8211; GATINEAU, QUEBEC &#8211; 819-561-4321<br \/>\nReply-To: peter.latocki@synapse.org (Peter Latocki)<br \/>\nLines: 13<\/p>\n<p>TO:gaston@cpsc.ucalgary.ca<br \/>\nFROM:peter.latocki@synapse.org<\/p>\n<p>I picked up a battery for my T1000 at Battery-Biz, 5530 Corbin Ave.<br \/>\nSuite 215 Tarzana California 91356 (818)774-1678 or (800)848-6782 a year<br \/>\nand a half ago.  It sold for $18 and the people there were very nice to<br \/>\ndeal with.  Also try contacting Toshibs Canada for memory etc. They were<br \/>\nrecently listing the RAM upgrade for the old T1000 for $79 but you have<br \/>\nto order through a dealer. Call their Fax  line at 1-800-663-0378 to<br \/>\nhave a copy of their price list faxed to you.<br \/>\n&#8212;<br \/>\n . SLMR 2.1a . Unable to locate Coffee &#8212; Operator Halted!<\/p>\n<p>From uwm.edu!spool.mu.edu!torn!skule.ecf!drill.me!ie.utoronto.ca!xiao Wed Jan 20 15:38:22 CST 1993<br \/>\nArticle: 8834 of comp.sys.laptops<br \/>\nNewsgroups: comp.sys.laptops<br \/>\nPath: uwm.edu!spool.mu.edu!torn!skule.ecf!drill.me!ie.utoronto.ca!xiao<br \/>\nFrom: xiao@ie.utoronto.ca (Yan Xiao)<br \/>\nSubject: Another successful story of nursing dead battery<br \/>\nMessage-ID:<br \/>\nSummary: Open it up, find the bad cell, reverse its polarity, DONE<br \/>\nKeywords: plyers, fainted<br \/>\nOrganization: University of Toronto, Department of Industrial Engineering<br \/>\nDate: Wed, 20 Jan 1993 15:48:07 GMT<br \/>\nLines: 23<\/p>\n<p>Here is my experience of fixing a dead batter.<\/p>\n<p>Problem: the battery won&#8217;t hold any charge, but can be used when AC plug<br \/>\n\tis in (so what&#8217;s the use of the laptop)<\/p>\n<p>Hypothesis: The polarity of one of the cells is reversed somehow.<\/p>\n<p>Treatment one: use a car battery to reverse the bad cell<br \/>\n\tpotential side effect: explosion<br \/>\nTreatment two: open it up and check for bad cell to see if it can be fixed.<br \/>\n\tside effect: breaking the nice outfit<\/p>\n<p>I chose the second method.  It required a little resolution to open<br \/>\n\tthe battery case (T1000SE), but not too bad.<br \/>\n\tUsing a simple flashlight bulb, I located the<br \/>\n\tbad cell.  Then I used another 7.2v battery to apply to this<br \/>\n\tcell, and verified its working by the flashlight.<br \/>\n\tI had to use tape to bound the battery in good solid condition.<\/p>\n<p>Results: it now can holds about 90min of charge.<\/p>\n<p>Xiao<\/p>\n<p>From uwm.edu!spool.mu.edu!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!usenet.ucs.indiana.edu!silver.ucs.indiana.edu!wilkr Thu Jan 21 22:06:51 CST 1993<br \/>\nArticle: 8854 of comp.sys.laptops<br \/>\nNewsgroups: comp.sys.laptops<br \/>\nPath: uwm.edu!spool.mu.edu!sol.ctr.columbia.edu!usenet.ucs.indiana.edu!silver.ucs.indiana.edu!wilkr<br \/>\nFrom: wilkr@silver.ucs.indiana.edu (richard wilk)<br \/>\nSubject: Ideas &amp; Help needed: Running Laptop from Car Battery<br \/>\nMessage-ID:<br \/>\nSummary: How can this be done???<br \/>\nSender: Richard Wilk (wilkr@iubacs, wilkr@ucs.indiana.edu)<br \/>\nNntp-Posting-Host: silver.ucs.indiana.edu<br \/>\nOrganization: Indiana University<br \/>\nDate: Thu, 21 Jan 1993 19:45:28 GMT<br \/>\nLines: 53<\/p>\n<p>I need some feedback, advice and tech help on the following problem.<\/p>\n<p>I will be spending the summer living in a tent in Central America,<br \/>\nmiles from the nearest power line. I will be spending most of my time<br \/>\nwriting on my no-name clone  386SX laptop. This uses a fairly standard<br \/>\n12V nicad battery, and generally gives me about 1.25 hours.<\/p>\n<p>I have located a couple of photo-volataic trickle-chargers which will<br \/>\ntake about 8 hours to charge my  battery (the cheapest one I have found<br \/>\nis from a company in Ann Arbor, at 313 453-6746 if you are interested).<br \/>\nBut this will only give me an hour of writing a day.<\/p>\n<p>We have the money to buy a 4000 watt coleman generator (best price<br \/>\nso far about $425), but not enough money to run it more than 2-3<br \/>\nhours a night (and who wants the noise anyway). We may have enough also<br \/>\nfor a small PV array, but I don&#8217;t know how large or what wattage.<\/p>\n<p>I am presently thinking about buying a car battery down there,<br \/>\na battery charger, and an inverter. Then I would charge the car battery<br \/>\nevery night, and run the computer off it through the inverter the<br \/>\nnext day. Damark has a 100 watt inverter for sale right now for<br \/>\nc. $70.<\/p>\n<p>Questions: Will this work? Has anyone tried something similar? <\/p>\n<p>Sub-questions: How long do I have to run the generator to get the<br \/>\nbattery charged?<\/p>\n<p>How big a PV array would I need to replace the generator completely? (we<br \/>\nwill be running a few lights and radios in the evenings too)<\/p>\n<p>How many hours of use can I expect to get out of a car battery if<br \/>\nthe computer is drawing about 45 watts (I *think* that is what<br \/>\nthe manual says).<\/p>\n<p>Does it make any sense at all to be going from 110 volts AC (battery<br \/>\ncharger) to 12 Volts DC (battery) to 110 volts AC (inverter, computer<br \/>\npower supply) to 12 Volts DC (computer power jack)????? Is there<br \/>\nany way to feed the computer, safely, straight from the car battery??<\/p>\n<p>I would appreciate hearing from anyone with experience, ideas or<br \/>\nknowledge (there must be someone with all three). <\/p>\n<p>Thanks very much<\/p>\n<p>Rick Wilk<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<br \/>\nRichard Wilk                             Anthropology Dept.<br \/>\nwilkr@iubacs                             Indiana University<br \/>\nvoice 812-855-8162                       Bloomington, IN 47405<br \/>\n&#8220;Things are more like they are now than they&#8217;ve ever been before.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>From uwm.edu!cs.utexas.edu!sun-barr!olivea!sgigate!sgiblab!pacbell.com!att-out!cbnewsh!colin Fri Jan 22 21:27:51 CST 1993<br \/>\nArticle: 4811 of comp.sys.palmtops<br \/>\nPath: uwm.edu!cs.utexas.edu!sun-barr!olivea!sgigate!sgiblab!pacbell.com!att-out!cbnewsh!colin<br \/>\nFrom: colin@cbnewsh.cb.att.com (colin.alan.warwick)<br \/>\nNewsgroups: comp.sys.palmtops,sci.physics<br \/>\nSubject: Nickel metal hydride cells in standard form factors<br \/>\nMessage-ID:<br \/>\nDate: 22 Jan 93 19:53:01 GMT<br \/>\nFollowup-To: poster<br \/>\nDistribution: usa<br \/>\nOrganization: AT&amp;T Bell Laboratories &#8211; Holmdel NJ<br \/>\nLines: 25<br \/>\nXref: uwm.edu comp.sys.palmtops:4811 sci.physics:46685<\/p>\n<p>Does anyone have data on nickel metal hydride rechargable cells in<br \/>\nstandard form factors?<\/p>\n<p>I&#8217;d like to populate a table like:<\/p>\n<p>Form\tCharge\tPrice<br \/>\nfactor\t(mA hr)\t($)<br \/>\n======================<br \/>\nAAA\t???\t???<br \/>\nAA\t???\t???<br \/>\nC\t???\t???<br \/>\nD\t???\t???<\/p>\n<p>[What ever happened to A and B cells?]<\/p>\n<p>Also, what is the voltage of a fully charged NiMH cell, under a moderate load?<\/p>\n<p>Thanx,<\/p>\n<p>colin.alan.warwick@att.com<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;This is a talk on experimental mathematics, and if that sounds like a<br \/>\ncontradiction, it is no more so than `theoretical physics&#8217;.&#8221;<br \/>\n                              &#8212; F. N. H. Robinson.<\/p>\n<p>From uwm.edu!spool.mu.edu!yale.edu!newsserver.jvnc.net!darwin.sura.net!ukma!cs.widener.edu!iggy.GW.Vitalink.COM!nocsun.NOC.Vitalink.COM!indetech!cirrus!pete Tue Feb  9 11:47:44 CST 1993<br \/>\nArticle: 5050 of comp.sys.palmtops<br \/>\nNewsgroups: comp.sys.palmtops<br \/>\nPath: uwm.edu!spool.mu.edu!yale.edu!newsserver.jvnc.net!darwin.sura.net!ukma!cs.widener.edu!iggy.GW.Vitalink.COM!nocsun.NOC.Vitalink.COM!indetech!cirrus!pete<br \/>\nFrom: pete@cirrus.com (Pete Carpenter)<br \/>\nSubject: Nickel Hydride Sources<br \/>\nMessage-ID:<br \/>\nSender: news@cirrus.com<br \/>\nOrganization: Cirrus Logic Inc.  Fremont, California<br \/>\nDate: Mon, 8 Feb 1993 22:41:31 GMT<br \/>\nLines: 50<\/p>\n<p>These two companies sell Nickel Hydride batteries. Both sell AA and C sizes,<br \/>\nand both cost exactly the same (Hmmmm)  They call themselves &#8220;Alternative<br \/>\nEnergy&#8221; suppliers, which means they sell solar (photovoltaic or PV) panels,<br \/>\nand other stuff like 12 VDC to 120 VAC inverters, etc.  I&#8217;ve bought lots of<br \/>\nstuff from both.<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/p>\n<p>SUNELCO<br \/>\n100 Skeets St.<br \/>\nP.O. Box 1499<br \/>\nHamilton, MT 59840-1499<br \/>\norder 800-338-6844<br \/>\ninfo  406-363-6924<br \/>\nfax   406-363-6046<\/p>\n<p>catalog\t\tsize amp-hr\tprice<br \/>\n&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<br \/>\nNI-AAHY\t\tAA 1.0 AH\t$ 8<br \/>\nNI-CHY\t\tC  3.5 AH\t$16<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/p>\n<p>Real Goods likes to wear their politics on their sleave, so to speak. If you<br \/>\nthink Clinton may ruin the world by being too _conservative_, you&#8217;ll fit right<br \/>\nin \ud83d\ude42   I like their merchandise, not their preaching. <\/p>\n<p>Real Goods<br \/>\n966 Mazzoni St.<br \/>\nUkiah, CA 95482-3471<br \/>\n800-762-7325<\/p>\n<p>50-105\t\tAA 1.1 AH\t$ 8<br \/>\n50-104\t\tC  3.5 AH\t$16<\/p>\n<p>catalog includes this statement &#8211;<br \/>\n&#8220;a little fatter than AA batteries, may not fit in very tight spaces&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;<\/p>\n<p>I got some AAs from Real Goods, and they fit in my ZEOS, but unfortunately,<br \/>\nI can&#8217;t get them to work. Voltage is 1.35, same to Radio Shack AA NiCd.s,<br \/>\nwhich work fine.<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<br \/>\nPete Carpenter                           pete@cirrus.com<\/p>\n<p>Talk about your plenty, talk about your ills,<br \/>\nOne man gathers what another man spills. &#8211; Robert Hunter<\/p>\n<p>From uwm.edu!spool.mu.edu!hri.com!noc.near.net!news.bbn.com!bbn.com!sher Wed Feb 24 13:53:02 CST 1993<br \/>\nArticle: 9312 of comp.sys.laptops<br \/>\nPath: uwm.edu!spool.mu.edu!hri.com!noc.near.net!news.bbn.com!bbn.com!sher<br \/>\nFrom: sher@bbn.com (Lawrence D. Sher)<br \/>\nNewsgroups: comp.sys.laptops<br \/>\nSubject: Re: T1000SE battery life<br \/>\nMessage-ID:<br \/>\nDate: 24 Feb 93 13:18:02 GMT<br \/>\nReferences:<br \/>\nOrganization: Bolt Beranek and Newman Inc., Cambridge MA<br \/>\nLines: 66<br \/>\nNNTP-Posting-Host: bbn.com<\/p>\n<p>In article  proett@tailspin.nas.nasa.gov (Tom Proett) writes:<br \/>\n&gt;Hi,<br \/>\n&gt;<br \/>\n&gt;I have a T1000SE which has a problem with the battery.  It will only<br \/>\n&gt;work when it is plugged in now.  If I try to unplug it, it will<br \/>\n&gt;shut down right away.  I took the battery out and hooked it to a<br \/>\n&gt;flashlight bulb to drain it.  It lighted the bulb brightly for<br \/>\n&gt;just under 6 hours.  I charged it again and it still would not work.<br \/>\n&gt;<br \/>\n&gt;Is there a setting on the computer itself which tells it to not shut<br \/>\n&gt;down?  It seems that the battery is at least fairly good if it can<br \/>\n&gt;light a light for more than 5 hours.<br \/>\n&gt;<br \/>\n&gt;Thanks.<br \/>\n&gt;<br \/>\n&gt;&#8211;<br \/>\n&gt;proett@tailspin.nas.nasa.gov<br \/>\n&gt;NASA Ames Research Center<\/p>\n<p>This seems to be a common problem.  I don&#8217;t know any definitive answers,<br \/>\nbut since I faced the same problem, I had occasion to look into it.<\/p>\n<p>1. Buy replacement cells, open the pack, and put in the new cells.  A<br \/>\ngood source for replacement cells (in New England): Gates Energy<br \/>\nProducts, Inc. 1 Prestige Drive, Meriden, CT 06450-7105 Tel: (203) 238<br \/>\n6912, FAX (203) 238 6887 Voice Mail: (904) 462 8725.  Attention: David<br \/>\nChilds, sales engineer, Northern Sales Region.  He was very helpful for<br \/>\nme.  The cells to get: GLF-1700A Ultramax NiCad.  (The cell size,<br \/>\nofficially, is 4\/3A.)  Cell cost is around $5.50-6.00 as I recall.<\/p>\n<p>Opening the pack requires a careful dissection along the ultrasonically<br \/>\nwelded perimeter seam, visible with the pack upside down.  You can put<br \/>\nit back together again with glue of various flavors.  Be sure to put<br \/>\nback the temperature sensor that is nestled in between two of the cells.<\/p>\n<p>2. Exhume the existing cell(s).  Once the pack was open, I found one<br \/>\ncell that was weak (discharged quickly) and one that was zero volts,<br \/>\nzero ohms.  (Even so, of course, the remaining cells would easily run<br \/>\nmost flashlight bulbs.) Taking a cue from various other posters (&#8220;put a<br \/>\ngood cell in parallel with the bad one&#8221;, &#8220;discharge a capacitor into the<br \/>\nbad cell&#8221;) and feeling I had little to lose, I decided that if a little<br \/>\nwas good, more would be better.  So I connected a 12v automobile battery<br \/>\ncharger across each bad cell (one at a time).  I set the current level<br \/>\nto &#8220;trickle&#8221;, connected positive-to-positive, negative-to-negative, and<br \/>\nturned on the power for about 3 seconds.  Scarey!  Longer connections<br \/>\nobvious raise the ante, like inadvertent explosions.  An ammeter (on the<br \/>\ncharger) showed currents exceeding 10 amperes, tending to decay over a<br \/>\nfew seconds to less than 10 amperes, but I wasn&#8217;t about to get too<br \/>\nacademic about this.  A voltmeter showed 0 volts before the treatment<br \/>\nand 1.2+ after.  I repeated this treatment about 3 times, with a<br \/>\nrespectful interval in between, like a minute.  Voila, the cell now<br \/>\nlooked normal, with an open circuit voltage of about 1.3.  I put<br \/>\neverything back together, let the Toshiba charger care for the pack<br \/>\novernight, and the next morning, it all seemed to run fine.<\/p>\n<p>Note:  I first tried this treatment across several cells in series, only<br \/>\none of which was bad.  It did not help!<\/p>\n<p>I can hardly guarantee the safety or long-term consequences of this<br \/>\nprocedure.  But, clearly, there is some rationale to the talk that<br \/>\na sufficient goosing of these cells can exhume them.<br \/>\n             .&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<br \/>\n            \/Internet email: sher@bbn.com<br \/>\nLarry Sher &lt;        US Mail: BBN, MS 6\/5A, 10 Moulton St., Cambridge, MA 02138<br \/>\n                 Telephone: (617) 873 3426    FAX: (617) 873 3776<br \/>\n\t     `&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p>From uwm.edu!cs.utexas.edu!uunet!ehbbs!joe.george Sun Mar  7 15:29:10 CST 1993<br \/>\nArticle: 5584 of comp.sys.palmtops<br \/>\nPath: uwm.edu!cs.utexas.edu!uunet!ehbbs!joe.george<br \/>\nFrom: joe.george@ehbbs.com (Joe George)<br \/>\nNewsgroups: comp.sys.palmtops<br \/>\nSubject: HP95LX batteries ?<br \/>\nMessage-ID:<br \/>\nDate: 5 Mar 93 23:01:00 GMT<br \/>\nDistribution: world<br \/>\nOrganization: Ed Hopper&#8217;s BBS &#8211; Berkeley Lake, GA &#8211; 404-446-9462<br \/>\nReply-To: joe.george@ehbbs.com (Joe George)<br \/>\nLines: 26<\/p>\n<p>SDFW-&gt;        What does the &#8217;95LX use for batteries ?<\/p>\n<p>Just about any AA batteries work, with varying results.  The HP&#8217;s<br \/>\ninternal battery-level meter is geared to the steady voltage dropoff of<br \/>\nalkaline batteries; the reason NiCd batteries stink out loud in<br \/>\nequipment like this is that when NiCds run out of gas, the voltage drop<br \/>\noff is quick and very steep and _very_ unforgiving.  I&#8217;ve not used NiMH<br \/>\nbatteries in my HP (but I have one in my laptop, it&#8217;s got a lot longer<br \/>\nlife but an odd voltage drop off.  Not bad, just odd.)<\/p>\n<p>The batteries I now exclusively use in my HP are Eveready Energizer<br \/>\nHigh-Energy Lithium AA Batteries.  Theyre about $1.50 a pair more<br \/>\nexpensive than standard Energizers but I get 2-3x the life out of them.<br \/>\nThey, too, have a kind of quick drop off (I ran for 3 weeks with the<br \/>\nbattery meter on &#8220;Full&#8221; and went down to &#8220;Empty&#8221; in a matter of 2 days)<\/p>\n<p>Joe<\/p>\n<p> * SLMR 2.1a * TV is a medium; anything well done is rare.<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;-<br \/>\n+&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;+<br \/>\n| Ed Hopper&#8217;s BBS &#8211; ehbbs.com &#8211; Berkeley Lake (Atlanta), Georgia            |<br \/>\n|USR\/HST:404-446-9462 V.32bis:404-446-9465-Home of uuPCB Usenet for PC Board|<br \/>\n+&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;&#8212;+<\/p>\n<p>From uwm.edu!wupost!howland.reston.ans.net!gatech!news.ans.net!cmcl2!netnews!jan.ultra.nyu.edu!edler Wed Apr 21 15:28:17 CDT 1993<br \/>\nArticle: 10220 of comp.sys.laptops<br \/>\nPath: uwm.edu!wupost!howland.reston.ans.net!gatech!news.ans.net!cmcl2!netnews!jan.ultra.nyu.edu!edler<br \/>\nFrom: edler@jan.ultra.nyu.edu (Jan Edler)<br \/>\nNewsgroups: comp.sys.laptops<br \/>\nSubject: Re: Getting rid of Nicad memory effect<br \/>\nDate: 19 Apr 1993 17:57:14 GMT<br \/>\nOrganization: New York University, Ultracomputer project<br \/>\nLines: 27<br \/>\nMessage-ID:<br \/>\nReferences:<br \/>\nNNTP-Posting-Host: jan.ultra.nyu.edu<\/p>\n<p>In article  jarnold@tixel.mv.com writes:<br \/>\n&gt;I had posted a note a few weeks ago about how to &#8220;fully discharge&#8221; a<br \/>\n&gt;nicad battery pack (that powers my notebook pc) that has apparently<br \/>\n&gt;developed the dreaded nicad memory effect.  Brand new, I used to be<br \/>\n&gt;able to get 3+ hours of heads-down work out of a charge, but now<br \/>\n&gt;(same apps, same work habits) I&#8217;m lucky to get as much as *one* hour.<\/p>\n<p>I have been using a resistor to regularly discharge my T1000SE battery<br \/>\nfor several years.  This is a 7.2V pack.  I use a 10 Ohm power resistor<br \/>\nfrom Radio Shack.  I remove the battery, place it upside down, place<br \/>\nthe resistor on the battery contacts (I&#8217;ve bent the resistor&#8217;s leads to<br \/>\nmake this convenient), and put a little weight on it to make a good<br \/>\nconnection.  I normally connect a voltmeter to it, and wait about 10 or<br \/>\n12 minutes for the voltage to drop below 6V.  I keep the voltmeter on<br \/>\nmy desk, so this is convenient, but otherwise I just time it for about<br \/>\n10 minutes.  I use a kitchen timer to remind me when to check the<br \/>\nbattery.  I go through this procedure almost every time the machine<br \/>\nshuts off, before recharging (i.e., about daily).  This arrangement<br \/>\nseems to work well.<\/p>\n<p>When I started doing this, a few years ago, I drained the battery all<br \/>\nthe way (until the resistor was cold).  I never had any trouble, but<br \/>\nvarious people were making arguments that this could damage the cells,<br \/>\nso now I stop somewhere below 6V.  So far so good.<\/p>\n<p>Jan Edler<br \/>\nedler@nyu.edu<\/p>\n<p>From uwm.edu!cs.utexas.edu!uunet!olivea!charnel!csusac!sactoh0!mnj Tue May 18 14:40:39 CDT 1993<br \/>\nArticle: 14012 of comp.sys.handhelds<br \/>\nNewsgroups: comp.sys.handhelds<br \/>\nPath: uwm.edu!cs.utexas.edu!uunet!olivea!charnel!csusac!sactoh0!mnj<br \/>\nFrom: mnj@sactoh0.sac.ca.us (Mark Newton-John)<br \/>\nSubject: Re: Batteries for the Psion Series 3<br \/>\nMessage-ID:<br \/>\nOrganization: Sacramento Public Access Unix<br \/>\nReferences:<br \/>\nDate: Tue, 18 May 93 08:38:59 GMT<br \/>\nLines: 29<\/p>\n<p>In  ah57@unix.brighton.ac.uk (Andrew) writes:<\/p>\n<p>&gt;Has anybody found it possible to use rechargeable batteries in their<br \/>\n&gt;Psion Series3? I Have tried using rechargeables but they seem only to last<br \/>\n&gt;for about a day before I get lots of Main battery is low warnings.<\/p>\n<p>The problem with rechargeables is that they are not the 1.5 volts<br \/>\nthat regular alkalines give. (typically 1.2 volts)<\/p>\n<p>The Psion sees the low voltage and will give the low battery<br \/>\nwarning, and if ignored, will start to use the memory battery.<\/p>\n<p>With the Portfolio, what can happen is that the low battery warning<br \/>\ncould be missed, and when the power falls off (rechargebles fall<br \/>\noff rapidly) memory loss will occur.<\/p>\n<p>The best batteries that I have found to use in handhelds are Maxell<br \/>\n(yes, the tape company) Photo AA (LR6) alkalines. They are a more<br \/>\npowerfull alkaline, designed for high drain useage in camera<br \/>\nflashes and motor drives. They are $3.49 per 4-pack. They have<br \/>\noutlasted a set of Energizers (stupid rabbit) and Duracells.<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;<br \/>\nmfolivo@sactoh0.SAC.CA.US   SAC-UNIX (916) 649-0161<br \/>\nThe Good Guys!\t\tWe know our stuff<br \/>\nAudi\t\t\tThe Alternate Route<br \/>\nAtari\t\t\tPower without the Price<\/p>\n<p>\ufffd<\/p>\n<div class='watch-action'><div class='watch-position align-right'><div class='action-like'><a class='lbg-style1 like-13596 jlk' href='javascript:void(0)' data-task='like' data-post_id='13596' data-nonce='715e311f58' rel='nofollow'><img class='wti-pixel' src='https:\/\/www.graviton.at\/letterswaplibrary\/wp-content\/plugins\/wti-like-post\/images\/pixel.gif' title='Like' \/><span class='lc-13596 lc'>0<\/span><\/a><\/div><\/div> <div class='status-13596 status align-right'><\/div><\/div><div class='wti-clear'><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>From uwm.edu!spool.mu.edu!agate!stanford.edu!leland.Stanford.EDU!news Fri Nov 13 14:26:07 CST 1992 Article: 8049 of comp.sys.laptops Newsgroups: comp.sys.laptops Path: uwm.edu!spool.mu.edu!agate!stanford.edu!leland.Stanford.EDU!news From:&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[27],"class_list":["post-13596","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-othernonsense","tag-english","wpcat-7-id"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.graviton.at\/letterswaplibrary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13596","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.graviton.at\/letterswaplibrary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.graviton.at\/letterswaplibrary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.graviton.at\/letterswaplibrary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.graviton.at\/letterswaplibrary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13596"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.graviton.at\/letterswaplibrary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13596\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13597,"href":"https:\/\/www.graviton.at\/letterswaplibrary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13596\/revisions\/13597"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.graviton.at\/letterswaplibrary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13596"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.graviton.at\/letterswaplibrary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13596"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.graviton.at\/letterswaplibrary\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}